EFFECTS & SIDE EFFECTS OF SLIMMING SUPPLEMENTS
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| Supplements, Herbs, and Vitamins ? |
01. Creatine :-
Creatine is naturally synthesized in the human body from amino acids primarily in the kidney and liver and transported in the blood for use by muscles. Approximately 95% of the body's total creatine content is located in skeletal muscle.
Creatine was discovered in the 1800s as an organic constituent of meat. In the 1970s, Soviet scientists reported that oral creatine supplements may improve athletic performance during brief, intense activities such as sprints. Creatine gained popularity in the 1990s as a "natural" way to enhance athletic performance and build lean body mass. It was reported that skeletal muscle total creatine content increases with oral creatine supplementation, although response is variable. Factors that may account for this variation are carbohydrate intake, physical activity, training status, and muscle fiber type. The finding that carbohydrates enhance muscle creatine uptake increased the market for creatine multi-ingredient sports drinks.
Use of creatine is particularly popular among adolescent athletes, who are reported to take doses that are not consistent with scientific evidence, and to frequently exceed recommended loading and maintenance doses.
Published reports suggest that approximately 25% of professional baseball players and up to 50% of professional football players consume creatine supplements.
The majority of the total adult body pool of creatine is stored in muscle. Creatine is slowly metabolized in muscle tissue to creatinine (creatine to creatine phosphate to creatinine). Creatinine may be cleared through skeletal muscle and the kidney.
DOSES :-
Adults (18 years and older)
A wide range of dosing has been used or studied by mouth. 400 milligrams per kilogram of body weight or up to 25 grams per day has been studied for multiple conditions. Experts often recommend maintaining good hydration during creatine use.
To increase anaerobic work capacity, studies have used a dose of 5 grams four times per day for 5 days. For enhanced athletic strength and performance, studies have used a dose of 20 grams per day for 4-7 days. Daily maintenance doses of 2-5 grams or 0.3 milligrams per kilogram of body weight have been used.
Numerous dosing regimens for intravenous or intramuscular administration have been used in studies in humans. Intravenous dosing should only be done under strict medical supervision.
Safety :-
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration does not strictly regulate herbs and supplements. There is no guarantee of strength, purity or safety of products, and effects may vary. You should always read product labels. If you have a medical condition, or are taking other drugs, herbs, or supplements, you should speak with a qualified healthcare provider before starting a new therapy. Consult a healthcare provider immediately if you experience side effects.
Allergies
Creatine has been associated with asthmatic symptoms. People should avoid creatine if they have known allergies to this supplement. Signs of allergy may include rash, itching, or shortness of breath.
Side Effects and Warnings :-
There is limited systematic study of the safety, pharmacology, or toxicology of creatine. Individuals using creatine, including athletes, should be monitored by a healthcare professional. Users are advised to inform their physicians or other qualified healthcare professionals.
Some individuals may experience gastrointestinal symptoms, including loss of appetite, stomach discomfort, diarrhea, or nausea.
Creatine may cause muscle cramps or muscle breakdown, leading to muscle tears or discomfort. Strains and sprains have been reported due to enthusiastic increases in workout regimens once starting creatine. Weight gain and increased body mass may occur. Heat intolerance, fever, dehydration, reduced blood volume, or electrolyte imbalances (and resulting seizures) may occur.
There is less concern today than there used to be about possible kidney damage from creatine, although there are reports of kidney damage, such as interstitial nephritis. Patients with kidney disease should avoid use of this supplement. Similarly, liver function may be altered, and caution is advised in those with underlying liver disease.
In theory, creatine may alter the activities of insulin. Caution is advised in patients with diabetes or hypoglycemia, and in those taking drugs, herbs, or supplements that affect blood sugar. Serum glucose levels may need to be monitored by a healthcare professional, and medication adjustments may be necessary.
Long-term administration of large quantities of creatine is reported to increase the production of formaldehyde, which may potentially cause serious unwanted side effects.
Creatine may increase the risk of compartment syndrome of the lower leg, a condition characterized by pain in the lower leg associated with inflammation and ischemia (diminished blood flow), which is a potential surgical emergency.
Reports of other side effects include thirst, mild headache, anxiety, irritability, aggression, nervousness, sleepiness, depression, abnormal heart rhythm, fainting or dizziness, blood clots in the legs (called deep vein thrombosis), seizure, or swollen limbs.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding :-
Creatine cannot be recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding due to a lack of scientific information.
Pasteurized cow's milk appears to contain higher levels of creatine than human milk. The clinical significance of this is not clear.
02. DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) :-
DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) is an endogenous hormone (made in the human body), and secreted by the adrenal gland. DHEA serves as precursor to male and female sex hormones (androgens and estrogens). DHEA levels in the body begin to decrease after age 30, and are reported to be low in some people with anorexia, end-stage kidney disease, type 2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent diabetes), AIDS, adrenal insufficiency, and in the critically ill. DHEA levels may also be depleted by a number of drugs, including insulin, corticosteroids, opiates, and danazol.
There is sufficient evidence supporting the use of DHEA in the treatment of adrenal insufficiency, depression, induction of labor, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
No studies on the long-term effects of DHEA have been conducted. DHEA can cause higher than normal levels of androgens and estrogens in the body, and theoretically may increase the risk of prostate, breast, ovarian, and other hormone-sensitive cancers. Therefore, it is not recommended for regular use without supervision by a licensed health professional.
DOSES:-
The below doses are based on scientific research, publications, traditional use, or expert opinion. Many herbs and supplements have not been thoroughly tested, and safety and effectiveness may not be proven. Brands may be made differently, with variable ingredients, even within the same brand. The below doses may not apply to all products. You should read product labels, and discuss doses with a qualified healthcare provider before starting therapy.
Adults (18 years and older): -
DHEA is available as capsules, tablets and injections. Commonly used doses range from 25-200 milligrams daily. Higher doses of 200-500 milligrams per day have been studied for depression in HIV/AIDS. Daily use of DHEA has been studied up to one year in the available scientific studies.
Topical (on the skin) and intravenous injections (into the veins) have also been studied, but safety and effectiveness has not been proven. A 5-10% cream containing DHEA has been used up to four weeks.
Children (younger than 18 years):
The dosing and safety of DHEA are not well studied in children. In theory, DHEA could interfere with normal hormone balance and growth in children.
Ephedra (Ephedra sinica) :-
On February 6, 2004, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a final rule prohibiting the sale of dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids (ephedra) because such supplements present an unreasonable risk of illness or injury. The rule became effective 60 days from the date of publication.
In 2005 this rule was struck down in Utah but reversed again four months later, so ephedra is currently banned throughout the United States. It remains unclear whether ephedra will re-appear on the market, despite widespread acknowledgement of significant safety risks, including serious potential cardiovascular events or death.
Ephedra sinica , a species of ephedra (ma huang), contains the alkaloids ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, which have been found to induce central nervous system stimulation, bronchodilation, and vasoconstriction. In combination with caffeine, ephedrine appears to elicit weight loss (in trials of 1-12 months duration). However, studies of ephedra or ephedrine monotherapy have been equivocal. Numerous trials have documented the efficacy of ephedrine in the management of asthmatic bronchoconstriction and hypotension. However, commercial preparations of non-prescription supplements containing ephedra have not been systematically studied for these indications.
Major safety concerns have been associated with ephedra or ephedrine use, including hypertension (high blood pressure), tachycardia, CNS excitation, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction (heart attack), and stroke.
Despite widely publicized safety concerns and the highly publicized 2003 death of a U.S. major league baseball pitcher thought to be related to ephedra, prior to the ban on ephedra, 14% of individuals using non-prescription weight-loss products in the United States continued to take ephedra or ephedrine-containing products.
DOSES :-
Adults (18 years or older)
Note : The U . S . Federal Government has banned the sale of ephedra since 2004. Consumers are urged to stop using the herbal weight control supplement immediately as it has been linked to numerous adverse health effects including death .
Ephedra may cause serious adverse effects in any dose, particularly when used with other drugs such as caffeine. Because of serious safety concerns, ephedra cannot be recommended in any dose.
Children (younger than 18 years)
Ephedrine is not recommended in children due to the risk of toxicity and death.
Side Effects and Warnings
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has collected thousands of reports of serious adverse effects (including over 100 deaths) from the use of various products containing ephedra or ephedrine. The U.S. Federal Government has banned the sale of ephedra since 2004. Consumers are urged to stop using the herbal weight control supplement immediately as it has been linked to numerous adverse health effects including death.
Some people may experience abdominal discomfort (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, constipation), anxiety, dizziness, headache, tremor, insomnia, dry mouth, delirium, or fainting. Ephedra may also cause irritability, euphoria, hallucinations, seizures, or stroke, as well as low potassium levels in the blood, exaggerated reflexes, weakness, muscle aches, muscle damage, depression, mania, agitation, suicidal ideas, or Parkinson's disease-like symptoms. Persons with prior strokes or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs/"mini-strokes"), tremor, or insomnia should avoid ephedra. Individuals with a history of a psychiatric illness, especially if treated with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), must first discuss ephedra with a qualified healthcare provider before taking supplements. Examples of MAOIs include isocarboxazid (Marplan®), phenelzine (Nardil®), and tranylcypromine (Parnate®).
Ephedra can cause chest tightness, irregular heart rhythms, damage to the heart muscle, high blood pressure, heart attack, inflammation of the heart, fluid retention in the lungs, breathing difficulties, dilated cardiomyopathy, left ventricular systolic dysfunction, coronary dissection, thrombosis, or cardiac arrest. Ephedra should be used with extreme caution in persons with a history of heart disease, heart rate disorders, or high blood pressure. Other side effects may include liver damage, kidney stones, difficulty passing urine or pain when urinating, increased urine production, or contractions of the uterus. These potential effects may limit the use of ephedra by people with kidney disease or enlarged prostate. Individuals with thyroid gland disorders or glaucoma should use ephedra cautiously. In theory, ephedra may lower blood sugar levels. Caution is advised in patients with diabetes or hypoglycemia, and in those taking drugs, herbs, or supplements that affect blood sugar. Serum glucose levels may need to be monitored by a qualified healthcare provider, and medication adjustments may be necessary.
It has been recommended that ephedra (ma huang) use be stopped at least one week prior to major surgical or diagnostic procedures.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding :-
Ephedra should not be used during pregnancy, due to risks to the mother and fetus. Ephedrine crosses the placenta, and has been found to increase fetal heart rate. Ephedra may induce uterine contractions.
Ephedra should not be used during breastfeeding, due to risks to the mother and child. Ephedrine crosses into breast milk and has been associated with irritability, crying, and insomnia in infants.
03. Glucosamine :-
Glucosamine is a natural compound that is found in healthy cartilage. Glucosamine sulfate is a normal constituent of glycoaminoglycans in cartilage matrix and synovial fluid.
Available evidence from randomized controlled trials supports the use of glucosamine sulfate in the treatment of osteoarthritis, particularly of the knee. It is believed that the sulfate moiety provides clinical benefit in the synovial fluid by strengthening cartilage and aiding glycosaminoglycan synthesis. If this hypothesis is confirmed, it would mean that only the glucosamine sulfate form is effective and non-sulfated glucosamine forms are not effective.
Glucosamine is commonly taken in combination with chondroitin, a glycosaminoglycan derived from articular cartilage. Use of complementary therapies, including glucosamine, is common in patients with osteoarthritis, and may allow for reduced doses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents.
Adults (18 years and older) :-
In most available studies, 500 milligrams of glucosamine sulfate has been taken by mouth as tablets or capsules three times daily for 30 to 90 days. Once daily dosing as 1.5 grams (1,500 milligrams) has also been used. Limited research has used 1,500 milligrams daily as a crystalline powder for oral solution or 500 milligrams of glucosamine hydrochloride three times daily. Dosing of 20 milligrams per kilogram of body weight daily has also been recommended in some publications. One study used a dose of 2,000 milligrams per day for 12 weeks.
Another kind of glucosamine that has been used is a topical form in combination with chondroitin for a four-week period. Safety and effectiveness of these formulations are not clearly proven.
Glucosamine hydrochloride provides more glucosamine than glucosamine sulfate, although this difference likely does not matter when products are prepared to provide a total of 500 milligrams of glucosamine per tablet.
Children (younger than 18 years)
There is not enough scientific evidence to recommend the use of glucosamine in children.
Research in children has shown that there could be a relationship between the ingestion of MSM (methylsulfonylmethane) and autism; whether it is beneficial or harmful is unclear. MSM is often marketed with glucosamine as a dietary supplement and at this time should be avoided in children.
Safety :-
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration does not strictly regulate herbs and supplements. There is no guarantee of strength, purity or safety of products, and effects may vary. You should always read product labels. If you have a medical condition, or are taking other drugs, herbs, or supplements, you should speak with a qualified healthcare provider before starting a new therapy. Consult a healthcare provider immediately if you experience side effects.
Allergies :-
Since glucosamine can be made from the shells of shrimp, crab, and other shellfish, people with shellfish allergy or iodine hypersensitivity may have an allergic reaction to glucosamine products. However, some research suggests that there is not enough shrimp allergen in glucosamine supplements to trigger reactions in patients who are allergic to shrimp. Nevertheless, caution is warranted. A serious hypersensitivity reaction including throat swelling has been reported with glucosamine sulfate. There are reported cases suggesting a link between glucosamine/chondroitin products and asthma exacerbations
Side Effects and Warnings :-
In most human studies, glucosamine sulfate has been well tolerated for 30 to 90 days.
Side effects may include upset stomach, drowsiness, insomnia, headache, skin reactions, sun sensitivity, and nail toughening. There are rare reports of abdominal pain, loss of appetite, vomiting, nausea, flatulence (gas), constipation, heartburn, and diarrhea. Based on several human cases, temporary increases in blood pressure and heart rate, as well as palpitations, may occur with glucosamine/chondroitin products. Based on animal research, glucosamine theoretically may increase the risk for eye cataract formation.
It remains unclear if glucosamine alters blood sugar levels. Several human studies suggest that glucosamine taken by mouth has no effects on blood sugar, while other research reports mixed effects on insulin. When glucosamine is injected, it appears to cause insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. Preliminary studies show no effect on mean hemoglobin A1c concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Caution is advised in patients with diabetes or hypoglycemia and in those taking drugs, herbs, or supplements that affect blood sugar. Serum glucose levels may need to be monitored by a healthcare provider and medication adjustments may be necessary.
In theory glucosamine may increase the risk of bleeding. Caution is advised in patients with bleeding disorders or taking drugs that may increase the risk of bleeding. Dosing adjustments may be necessary.
In several human cases, abnormally high amounts of protein were found in the urine of patients receiving glucosamine/chondroitin products. The clinical meaning of this is unclear. Glucosamine is removed from the body mainly in the urine, and elimination of glucosamine from the body is delayed in people with reduced kidney function. Acute interstitial nephritis, a condition that causes the kidneys to become swollen and possibly dysfunctional, has been reported in a patient taking glucosamine. Increased blood levels of creatine phosphokinase may occur with glucosamine/chondroitin, which may be due to impurities in some products. This may alter certain laboratory tests measured by healthcare providers.
Early data suggest that glucosamine may modulate the immune system, although the clinical relevance of this is not clear.
One patient developed liver inflammation (acute cholestatic hepatitis) after taking glucosamine forte.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Glucosamine is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding due to lack of scientific evidence.
04. Honey :-
Honey is a sweet, viscid fluid produced by honeybees ( Apis melliflera ) from the nectar of flowers. It is generally recognized as safe (GRAS), but there have been numerous reports of certain types of honey produced from the nectar of flowering plants from the genus Rhododendron and others that have toxic effects in humans and in animals.
Honey is easily absorbed and utilized by the body. It contains about 70-80% sugar; the rest is water, minerals, and traces of protein, acids, and other substances. Honey has been used by ancient Egyptians, Assyrians, Chinese, Romans, and Greeks as a medicinal remedy for the management of wounds, skin ailments, and various gastrointestinal diseases.
Honey's therapeutic importance as a known antibacterial agent has been recognized since 1892. Modern research has been conducted on the role of honey in chronic wound management and other indications. However, high quality studies are lacking, and further research is warranted to establish the therapeutic effect of honey in any indication.
Dosing :-
The below doses are based on scientific research, publications, traditional use, or expert opinion. Many herbs and supplements have not been thoroughly tested, and safety and effectiveness may not be proven. Brands may be made differently, with variable ingredients, even within the same brand. The below doses may not apply to all products. You should read product labels, and discuss doses with a qualified healthcare provider before starting therapy
Adults (over 18 years old) :-
There is no proven safe or effective medicinal dose for honey in adults. Commercial preparations of honey are available, and honey is typically taken by mouth or applied on the skin. Doses for topical use are often unspecific, but 15-30 milliliters is a common dose for Fournier's gangrene, burns, radiation induced mucositis, skin ulcers and other wounds. Various types of honey and honey products have been studied, including honey from wildflowers, Camellia sinensis honey, Medihoney dressings, Manuka honey, and Honey-Soft (honey medicated dressing).
For dermatitis and dandruff, a diluted solution of honey and warm water containing 90% water has been rubbed gently into the scalp for 2-3 minutes and then left on scalp for three hours. For type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension (high blood pressure), honey solutions with 30-90 grams of natural unprocessed honey with 250 milliliters of water have been studied.
Children (under 18 years old)
There is no proven safe or effective dose for honey in children, and use is not recommended. However, for neonatal post-operative infected wounds, 5-10 milliliters of commercial, unprocessed, non-pasteurized and non-irradiated honey applied locally to the wound and covered with a sterile gauze dressing has been used. Dressings were changed twice daily. Do not use honey in infants under 12 months of age due to potential toxicity of contaminated honey.
Allergies :-
The components of honey responsible for allergic reactions, ranging from cough to anaphylaxis, are usually thought to be pollens, glandular secretions and bee body material. There is some disagreement with the idea that honey allergies are primarily caused by the pollen particles found in the honey. Patients with polyvalent pollen or food allergies such as an allergy to celery, as well as patients with other bee-related allergens, should avoid honey consumption.
Chronic pruritic cheilitis (dry, itchy lips), occupational asthma, urticaria on the hands, chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, angioedema (swelling under the skin) with dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), dysponia (abnormal voice), and dyspnea (difficulty breathing) have all been reported.
Side Effects and Warnings
In general, honey is well tolerated in the recommended does and for daily consumption. Honey has generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status in the United States. However, there are reported cases of honey intoxication documented in the literature as an adverse effect of consuming toxic honey also known as 'mad honey,' which is produced from the nectar of certain flowering plants such as those of the genus Rhododendron . The symptoms of honey intoxication vary from case to case and may include weakness, sweating, hypotension (low blood pressure), bradycardia (lowered heart rate), Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, gastritis (inflammation of stomach), peptic ulcer, nausea, vomiting, faintness, leukocytosis (abnormally high white blood cell count), mild paralysis, dizziness, vertigo, blurred vision, convulsions and respiratory rate depression. Avoid the use of honey that is produced from the nectar of flowering plants of the genus Rhododendron.
There is a concern with some third world countries that the topical use of honey on deep leprotic (of leprosy) ulcers may increase the risk of maggot infestation in the wound by houseflies and bluebottle flies. Topically, honey may cause excessive dryness of wounds, which may delay healing. Applying saline packs as needed may treat this.
Honey contains fructose in excess of glucose, which may lead to incomplete fructose absorption associated with abdominal symptoms and/or diarrhea.
Many cases of infant botulism (bacterial illness) caused by consumption of honey containing Clostridium botulinum spore have been reported. Clostridium botulinum spores can proliferate in the intestines of infants and cause botulism poisoning. However, this potential risk does not pertain to older children or adults. Do not use honey in infants under 12 months of age. Another concern is that due to its acidity, the practice of keeping honey in the mouth for a prolonged period may erode dental enamel.
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
There are some concerns regarding the use of honey in pregnant and breastfeeding women. Potentially harmful contaminants such as C. botulinum and grayanotoxins can be found in some types of honey and may be harmful to pregnant or breastfeeding woman and to the growing fetus.
05. Whey protein :-
Whey protein is one of the two major groups of proteins found in milk. It is a highly digestible source of protein.
Whey proteins are used in a variety of foods, including ice cream, bread, and infant formula. Whey protein has been used in fat replacers for low-fat ice cream and as an ingredient in milk replacement products. Whey protein is also a popular dietary supplement for improving muscle strength and body composition and for the prevention of heart disease, diabetes, and age-related bone loss.
Whey protein may aid in the prevention of some hereditary conditions, such as the tendency to develop allergies. It may act as an appetite suppressant and aid in the control of blood sugar.
Dosing :-
The below doses are based on scientific research, publications, traditional use, or expert opinion. Many herbs and supplements have not been thoroughly tested, and safety and effectiveness may not be proven. Brands may be made differently, with variable ingredients, even within the same brand. The below doses may not apply to all products. You should read product labels, and discuss doses with a qualified healthcare provider before starting therapy.
Adults (18 years and older) :-
As an appetite suppressant, whey protein (up to 50 grams or 50% of the meal) has been taken by mouth once daily. One half gram of whey protein per kilogram of body weight has been taken by mouth.
For bone density, milk containing 40 milligrams milk basic protein has been taken by mouth daily for six to eight months. Thirty to sixty milligrams whey basic protein has been taken by mouth daily for 24 weeks.
For bronchospasm, 30 grams of unprocessed whey protein has been taken by mouth daily for eight weeks.
For cancer, 30 grams of whey protein has been taken by mouth daily for six months.
For cardiovascular disease risk, 26.6 grams of whey protein has been taken by mouth daily for 12 weeks by people taking part in resistance training. Forty-five grams of whey protein isolate has been taken by mouth as a single dose at breakfast. Five grams of a whey-derived peptide (NOP-47) has been taken by mouth once daily.
For chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 12 grams whey protein has been taken by mouth twice daily for six weeks. Twenty grams of pressurized whey has been taken by mouth in 120 milliliters of applesauce for 16 weeks.
For cystic fibrosis, 40 grams of pressurized whey has been taken by mouth in applesauce for 28 days. Ten grams whey protein has been taken by mouth twice daily for three months.
For dental plaque, whey protein toothpaste and tooth powder have been used.
For diabetes, 45 grams whey protein as a single meal has been studied. Fifty grams of whey protein added to pre-meal (soup) or meal (potato) has been studied. Five to ten grams of glycemic index lowering peptide fraction (GILP) from whey has been taken by mouth as a single dose. Single doses of whey have been taken by mouth in combination with meals or drinks. The whey peptide based formula, Peptamen®, has been taken by mouth.
For dialysis (phosphate levels), 30 grams of a low-phosphate and low-potassium whey protein concentrate has been taken by mouth daily for three months.
For enhanced muscle mass/strength, up to 45 grams whey protein powder has been taken by mouth with Gatorade®, three times weekly, for up to 14 weeks. Whey protein (1.2 grams /kilogram body weight) has been taken by mouth with sucrose powder. Hydrolyzed whey isolate (1.5 grams/kilogram body weight) has been taken by mouth daily for ten weeks. Whey protein has been taken by mouth daily as part of a protein bar. Whey protein (1.2 grams/kilogram body weight) has been taken by mouth daily for six weeks. Whey protein isolate (1.5 grams/kilogram body weight) has been taken by mouth immediately following resistance training and then four more times daily for 14 days. Fifteen grams of whey protein has been taken by mouth before and after exercise for 21 weeks. One gram/kilogram body weight of unprocessed whey protein powder made from cow's milk has been taken by mouth daily for 14 weeks.
For exercise performance (and recovery), 2% whey hydrolysate in a test drink following a workout has been studied. A single dose of 25 grams whey protein in flavored water has been taken by mouth. Whey protein (0.4 grams per kilogram body weight per hour) has been taken by mouth together with sucrose. Forty-four grams of Maximuscle Promax™ has been taken by mouth in divided doses before and after walking and then twice daily for the following three days. Forty-two grams of whey protein has been taken by mouth before and after exercise.
For hearing loss, an unprocessed whey protein supplement rich in glutathione has been taken by mouth.
For hepatitis, 10 grams of unprocessed whey protein isolate (rich in the amino acid cysteine) has been mixed with water and taken by mouth twice daily for 12 weeks. Twelve grams of whey protein in food (mousse) has been used twice daily for 12 weeks.
For HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), 45 grams of whey protein has been taken by mouth for two weeks. Forty grams of whey protein has been taken by mouth twice daily for 12 weeks. Immunocal (a specially prepared whey protein concentrate) has been taken by mouth in the following series of doses: 8.4 grams daily for four weeks, followed by 19.6 grams daily for four weeks, followed by 28 grams daily for one week, followed by 39.2 grams daily for three weeks.
For high blood pressure, 125 milliliters of a milk drink supplemented with whey peptides every morning for 12 weeks has been studied. Twenty grams of processed or unprocessed whey protein has been taken by mouth daily for six weeks
For immune function, whey protein has been taken by mouth for eight weeks.
As a nutritional supplement (protein source), up to a single daily dose of 15 grams whey protein has been taken by mouth. Single doses of 0.4 and 0.3 grams whey protein per kilogram of body weight or of whey protein equivalent to 0.48 grams of milk protein casein have been taken by mouth.
For psoriasis, 5 grams of the whey protein extract XP-828L has been taken by mouth daily for 56 days.
For weight loss, Prolibra™ has been taken by mouth for 12 weeks. Whey protein (containing 240 kilocalories, or calories) has been taken daily for two months. Twenty-five grams of whey protein has been taken by mouth twice daily for 12 weeks.
Children (under 18 years old) :-
For allergies, 10 grams of whey protein has been taken by mouth twice daily for one month. Formulas containing hydrolyzed whey proteins have been used for the first four months in infants.
As an appetite suppressant, up to 50 grams of whey protein has been taken by mouth as a single dose. One dose of one gram whey protein per kilogram of body weight has been taken by mouth.
For burns, filtered whey protein has been added to the diet, accounting for approximately 25% of the total calories in the diet.
For cystic fibrosis, 20 grams of pressurized whey has been taken by mouth in applesauce for 28 days. Ten grams of whey protein has been taken by mouth twice daily for three months.
For eczema, infant formulas containing partially or extensively hydrolysed whey have been taken by mouth.
For HIV, whey protein concentrate has been taken by mouth.
For mitochondrial diseases, a whey-based protein has been taken by mouth.
Safety
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration does not strictly regulate herbs and supplements. There is no guarantee of strength, purity or safety of products, and effects may vary. You should always read product labels. If you have a medical condition, or are taking other drugs, herbs, or supplements, you should speak with a qualified healthcare provider before starting a new therapy. Consult a healthcare provider immediately if you experience side effects.
Allergies
Avoid in patients with known allergy or hypersensitivity to milk or milk products.
Throat itching, facial swelling, vomiting, and diarrhea have been reported. Colic, failure to thrive, and hyper-IgE syndrome have been reported in infants. Whey baths may sensitize infants to cow's milk allergy.
Side Effects and Warnings :-
Whey protein may cause colic in infants, increased bowel movements, nausea, thirst, bloating, cramps, reduced appetite, tiredness, headache, fasciitis, swelling of the arms and legs, skin reactions, and severe disability.
Use cautiously in patients using any medications. Drugs may bind to human milk whey proteins. As a result, the levels of these drugs may be altered in the blood.
Whey protein may lower blood sugar levels. Caution is advised in patients with diabetes or hypoglycemia, and in those taking drugs, herbs, or supplements that affect blood sugar. Blood glucose levels may need to be monitored by a qualified healthcare professional, including a pharmacist, and medication adjustments may be necessary.
Whey protein may increase the risk of bleeding. Caution is advised in patients with bleeding disorders or taking drugs that may increase the risk of bleeding. Dosing adjustments may be necessary.
Whey protein may cause low blood pressure. Caution is advised in patients taking herbs or supplements that lower blood pressure.
Whey protein may interfere with the way the body processes certain drugs, herbs, or supplements using the liver's cytochrome P450 enzyme system. As a result, the levels of these agents may change in the blood, and may cause increased or decreased effects or potentially serious adverse reactions. Patients taking any medications should check the package insert and speak with a qualified healthcare professional, including a pharmacist, about possible interactions.
Use cautiously in patients using drugs, herbs, or supplements that may affect the immune system.
Use cautiously in patients using cholesterol-lowering medications.
Use cautiously in patients with gastrointestinal disorders.
Use cautiously when operating heavy machinery since, as high doses of protein may cause tiredness or fatigue.
Use only approved sources of whey protein or whey protein hydrolysates in infant formulas.
Avoid long-term excessive intake because it may cause kidney damage or bone loss.
Avoid in individuals who are avoiding dairy products.
Avoid in patients with known allergy or hypersensitivity to milk or milk products.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
There is a lack of available scientific evidence on the use of whey protein in pregnant or breastfeeding women.
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