About Obesity

About Obesity

Understanding General Obesity

   

 

Obesity is a disease characterized by excessive body fat. People who are medically obese usually are affected by behavior, genetic and environmental factors that are difficult to control with dieting. Obesity increases the likelihood of certain diseases and other related health problems.

   

Who Is Affected?  

   

 

Obesity is a serious world wide health epidemic that affects one in four Americans. This phenomenon is global and about 30 million Indians are obese. It is predicted to double in the next 5 years.

   

What Is The Difference Between Overweight And Obese?  

   

 

Stages of overweight are medically defined by body mass index (BMI). An individual with a BMI of 25 to 29.9 is clinically classified as overweight. A BMI of 30 or more is classified as obese. Overweight individuals are also at risk for developing health problems, such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, certain types of cancer, gout (joint pain caused by excess uric acid) and gallbladder disease. Being overweight can also cause problems such as sleep apnea (interrupted breathing during sleep) and osteoarthritis (wearing away of the joints). Weight-loss can help improve the harmful effects of being overweight. However, many overweight people have difficulty reaching their healthy body weight.

   

Body Mass Index (BMI)

   

 

BMI is a number calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kilograms by his or her height in meters squared. BMI is used in determining obesity. Obesity is most commonly calculated using BMI. An adult with a BMI of 30 or greater is clinically obese. BMI is not used to determine a person’s actual percentage of body fat, but it is a good indicator to categorize weight in terms of what is healthy and unhealthy.

   

What Is The Health Risks Associated With Obesity?  

   

 

There are more than 30 medical conditions that are associated with obesity. Individuals who are obese are at risk of developing one or more of these serious medical conditions, causing poor health or, in severe cases, early death. In fact, more than 112,000 annual deaths in the U.S.A are attributable to obesity. The most prevalent obesity-related diseases include :

 

Diabetes

High blood pressure

High cholesterol

Heart disease

Stroke

Gallbladder disease

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Osteoarthritis

Sleep apnea and respiratory problems some Cancers

   

What Causes Obesity?

   

Obesity is due to an individual taking in more calories than they burn over an extended period of time. These “extra” calories are stored as fat. Although there are several factors that can lead to this energy imbalance in obese individuals, the main contributors are behavior, environment and genetics.

   

Behavior : In today’s fast-paced environment, it is easy to adopt unhealthy behaviors. Behavior, in the case of obesity, relates to food choices, amount of physical activity you get and the effort to maintain your health. Based on food choices, many people now select diets that are calorie-rich, but nutrient-poor. This behavioral problem also relates to the increase in meal quantity at home and when dining out.  

   

Environment : Environment plays a key role in shaping an individual’s habits and lifestyle. There are many environmental influences that can impact your health decisions. Today’s society has developed a more sedentary lifestyle. Walking has been replaced by driving cars, basic physical activity has been replaced by technology and nutrition has been overcome by fast foods.  

   

Genetics : Science shows that genetics play a role in obesity. Genes can cause certain disorders which result in obesity. However, not all individuals who are predisposed to obesity become obese. Research is currently underway to determine which genes contribute most to obesity.  

   

What Are The Social Effects Of Obesity?

   

 

Individuals affected by obesity often face obstacles far beyond health risks. Emotional suffering may be one of the most painful parts of obesity. Society often emphasizes the importance of physical appearance. As a result, people who are obese often face prejudice or discrimination in the job market, at school and in social situations.

   

 

Effects at Work : Due to the negative stigma associated with obesity, obese employees are often viewed as less competent, lazy and lacking in self-discipline by their co-workers and employers. Often times, discriminatory attitudes can negatively impact salary, promotions and employment status for obese employees. Finding a job can also be a difficult task for an obese individual. Studies show that obese applicants are less likely to be hired than thinner applicants, despite having identical job qualifications.

   

 

Effects at School : Educational settings also provide the possibility for discriminatory situations. Obese children face numerous obstacles, ranging from harassment, teasing and rejection from peers, to biased attitudes from teachers. At a young age, children are exposed to obesity’s negative stigma. Obese children are sometimes characterized as being unhappy, lazy, mean and not having many friends.

   

 

In Healthcare Settings : Negative attitudes about obese patients also exist in the healthcare setting. Obese patients are often reluctant to seek medical care, may be more likely to delay important preventative healthcare services and more frequently cancel medical appointments. Delaying medical attention can lead to delayed discovery or treatment of co-morbid conditions, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, while becoming more physically damaging. The consequences of this discrimination can seriously impact an individual’s quality of life and only further intensify the negative stigma associated with obesity.

   

What Treatments Are Available For Obesity?  

   

 

Obesity treatment strategies vary from person to person. Beginning treatment early is an essential part of success, and it is important to talk with your physician before beginning any weight-loss program. There are several methods for treating obesity, such as behavior modification, physical activity, non clinical weight management programs, medically managed weight-loss and surgical treatment.

   

Behavior Modification : Behavior plays a significant role in obesity. Modifying behaviors that have contributed to developing obesity is one way to treat the disease either alone or in conjunction with other treatments. A few suggested behavior modifiers include: changing eating habits, increasing physical activity, becoming educated about the body and how to nourish it appropriately, engaging in a support group or extracurricular activity and setting realistic weight management goals.

   

Physical Activity : Increasing or initiating a physical activity program is an important aspect in managing obesity. Today’s society has developed a very sedentary lifestyle and routine physical activity can greatly impact your health. Set realistic goals and make sure to consult with your doctor before initiating any exercise program.

   

Medically Managed Weight-Loss : Medically managed weight-loss programs provide treatment in a clinical setting with a licensed healthcare professional, such as a medical doctor, registered dietitian and/or psychologist. These programs typically offer services such as prescription of weight-loss medications, nutrition education, physical activity instruction and behavioral therapy.

   

Surgical Treatment : Surgical treatment of obesity is an option for those who are classified as morbidly obese. Morbid obesity is defined as a patient having a BMI of 40 or greater, or weighing more than 40 kilograms over their ideal body weight. In addition, a patient with a BMI of 35 or greater with one or more obesity-related diseases is also classified as morbidly obese. There are a few different types of bariatric surgery or weight-loss surgery treatment options, such as Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass, Gastric Sleeve resection and Adjustable Gastric Banding.

   

   

About Child Obesity

Child Obesity

What Is Childhood Obesity ?
 
 

Childhood obesity affects more than is 15 percent of children, making it one of the common chronic disease of childhood. Childhood obesity is not just a cosmetic problem. Today, more and more children are being diagnosed with diabetes, hypertension and other co-morbid conditions associated with obesity and morbid obesity. Throughout this site, “overweight” and “obese” are used interchangeably. ATIN’S COMPLETE SLIMMING SOLUTION & TRAINING CENTER  prefers the term “overweight,” while mass media often utilizes the term “obese” when referring to children.

 

Causes of Childhood Obesity : Although the causes of childhood obesity are widespread, certain factors are targeted as major contributors to this epidemic. Causes associated with childhood obesity include:

 

Environment

Lack of physical activity

Heredity and family

Dietary patterns

Socioeconomic status

 

 

Environment : Today’s environment plays a major role in shaping the habits and perceptions of children and adolescents. The prevalence of television commercials promoting unhealthy foods and eating habits is a large contributor. In addition, children are surrounded by environmental influences that demote the importance of physical activity. Today, it is estimated that more money is spent on food outside home, at restaurants, cafeterias, sporting events, etc. In addition, as portion sizes have increased, when people eat out they tend to eat a larger quantity of food (calories) than when they eat at home. Beverages such as carbonated soft drinks and juice boxes also greatly contribute to the childhood obesity epidemic. It is not uncommon for a bottle of soft drink to be marketed toward children, which contains approximately 400 calories. The consumption of cola by children has increased throughout the last 20 years by 300 percent. Scientific studies have documented a 60 percent increase risk of obesity for every regular soft drink consumed per day. Box drinks, juice, fruit drinks and sports drinks present another significant problem. These beverages contain a significant amount of calories and it is estimated that 20 percent of children who are currently overweight are overweight due to excessive caloric intake from beverages.

 

 

Lack of Physical Activity : Children in today’s society show a decrease in overall physical activity. The growing use of computers, increased time watching television and decreased physical education in schools, all contribute to children and adolescents living a more sedentary lifestyle. Another major factor contributing to the childhood obesity epidemic is the increased sedentary lifestyle of children. School-aged children spend most of their day in school where their only activity comes during breaks or physical education classes. Only 50 percent of children, 12 to 21 years of age, regularly participate in rigorous physical activity, while 25 percent of children report no physical activity. The average child spends two hours a day watching television, but 26 percent of children watch at least four hours of television per day.

 

Heredity and Family : Science shows that genetics play a role in obesity. It has been proven that children with obese parents are more likely to be obese. Estimates say that heredity contributes between 5 to 25 percent of the risk for obesity. However, genes alone do not always dictate whether a child is overweight or obese. Learned behaviors from parents are a major contributor. Parents, especially of those whose children are at risk for obesity at a young age, should promote healthy food and lifestyle choices early in their development.

 

 

Dietary Patterns : Over the past few decades, dietary patterns have changed significantly. The average amount of calories consumed per day has dramatically increased. Furthermore, the increase in caloric intake has also decreased the nutrients needed for a healthy diet.Food portions also play an important role in the unhealthy diet patterns that have evolved. The prevalence of “extra large” options and “all you can eat” buffets create a trend in overeating. Combined with a lack of physical activity, children are consuming more and expending less.

 

Socioeconomic Status : Educational levels contribute to the socioeconomic issue associated with obesity. Parents with little to no education have not been exposed to information about proper nutrition and healthy food choices. This makes it difficult to instill those important values in their children. Weight categories for children and teens are defined so that they take into account normal differences in body fat between boys and girls and differences in body fat at various ages. Children’s weight categories are determined by measuring a child’s weight and then plotting them on a weight-to-age chart. There are separate weight-to-age curves for males and females, ages two to 20 years.

 

 

Treating Childhood Obesity : Treating obesity in children and adolescents differs from treatment in adults. Involving the family in a child’s weight management program is a key element to treatment. Treatment of pediatric obesity is not accomplished by just dieting. You need to address multiple aspects of the child and the family’s lifestyle, nutrition and physical activity patterns. Prior to discussing any treatment plans, you first must determine the desired goals. If your child is overweight, or at risk for becoming overweight, it is important to work and develop an individualized plan of care that includes realistic goals and action steps. As a support system, family is integral in ensuring weight management goals are met. You must first assess the readiness of the child and the family to make changes. If the child is very depressed, this needs to be addressed prior to working on the child’s weight problem. If a depressed child attempts weight-loss and is unsuccessful, this may worsen their depression or lower their self-esteem. Similarly, if there is a lot of stress in the family at that time it is not ideal to try and tackle yet another major issue. In some situations where there is significant depression or stress, it may be most appropriate for the child and the family to seek counseling to address these issues. In addition, if parents express little concern regarding their child being overweight, they are not ready to make the necessary changes. It is important to talk with your physician about options for treating childhood obesity. The various treatments of obesity in children and adolescents include:

 

Dietary therapy

Physical activit

Behavior modification

 

Diet Therapy : When treating an obese child or adolescent, it is often recommended that they have a consultation with a dietitian who can address the child’s needs. Dietitians can help children understand healthy eating habits and how to implement them in their long-term diet. Dietitians do not always recommend restricting caloric intake for children. Education on how to identify healthy food, cut back on portions, understand the food pyramid and eat smaller bites at a smaller pace is generally the information given to change a child’s eating habits.

 

Physical Activity : Another form of obesity treatment in children is increasing physical activity. Physical activity is an important long-term ingredient for children, as studies indicate that inactivity in childhood has been linked to a sedentary adult lifestyle. Increasing physical activity can decrease, or at least slow the increase, in fatty tissues in obese children. It is recommended that children get at least 60 minutes of physical activity each day. Individualized programs are available and possible for those children or adolescents that are not able to meet minimum expectations.

 

Behavior Modification : Lifestyles and behaviors are established at a young age. It is important for parents and children to remain educated and focused on making long-term healthy lifestyle choices. There are several ways that children and adolescents can modify their behavior for healthier outcomes, such as :

 

Changing eating habits

Increasing physical activity

Becoming educated about the body and how to nourish it appropriately

Engaging in a support group activity and setting realistic weight management goal

 

                                       

About Adoloscent Obesity

Adoloscent Obesity

HEALTHY GROWING & LIVING NUTRITION FOR ADOLESCENTS

HEALTH :-

Health is a unity and harmony within the mind, body and spirit which is unique to each person . 

Obesity  in simple terms means an excessive accumulation of body fat.

Relationship between Birth  Weight & Obesity

Low birth-weight babies

Normal weight babies(Chubby baby concept)

Over-weight babies.

CAUSES OF OBESITY

Genetic                        

Environmental.

GENETIC

Heredity 

Metabolic Rate

Hormones.

ENVIRONMENTAL :-

Excessive viewing of television  

Lack of physical activity

Excessive snacking

Fast food diet

Family behavior.

Consequences of  childhood/adolescent Obesity

Hypertension

Type II Diabetes

Increases the risk of coronary heart disease

Increases stress on weight bearing joints

Lower self esteem

Social & Psychological problems.

WHAT TO DO IF YOUR ADOLESCENT IS OVER WEIGHT ;-

Don’t panic

Weight gain precedes growth spurts

Don’t nag about food or weight

Focus on health not appearance

Emphasize more activity and not less food

Be realistic about your child’s weight

Sleep deprivation can contribute to obesity

Emotional stress or unhappiness.

REMEDIES

Diet Management 

Physical activity

Life style & Behavior Modification.

DIET MANAGEMENT :-

Start early – Teach your children about  healthy & unhealthy foods

Encourage them to try new foods

No foods are forbidden foods

Add nutritious goodies to their favorite foods

No super sized portions

Eat smart

Limit junk.

Importance of having a good breakfast. 

People  who skip breakfast have greater hyperactivity, irritability, and anxiety; more disruptive classroom behavior; more tardiness; and a decreased ability to concentrate and solve problems. Eating breakfast has many benefits. It reduces fatigue and sleepiness in the mid-morning hours; helps banish away the blues; improves concentration, increases alertness, and helps one function more efficiently. Academic performance is generally better when breakfast is eaten. Studies have shown that those who skip breakfast are more likely to struggle with a weight problem. Calories eaten earlier in the day are more effectively utilized than those consumed late in the day. Eating a good breakfast generally improves the overall diet of a person. Those skipping breakfast are more likely to snack throughout the day. 

Keep healthful snacks on hand so if hunger strikes during a late night study session, the child won't be tempted by vending machine candy, chips, or ice cream. Possibilities include fresh or dried fruit, unbuttered popcorn, rice cakes or whole wheat cracker. Consider keeping raw vegetables with low-fat yogurt or cottage cheese dip. 

Eat plenty of foods that are rich in calcium. People in their early twenties need to be build up stores of calcium in their bodies to prevent osteoporosis in later life. If you don't like milk, try to include ample amounts of low-fat yogurt, low-fat cheese, and green leafy vegetables in your diet.

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Ensure adolescents take enough exercise

Exercise is fun so find an activity that the adolescent enjoys

Plan family outings that involves Physical activity

Exercise develops strong healthy bones & muscles, enhances Flexibility,coordination,balance & maximizes the efficiency of their heart & lungs.

Adolescent Fitness :-

Be Active, Have fun, Stay fit :-

Aerobics, 

Outdoor-Hikes, Climbs, Treks , Walks, Active sports

Power Yoga,

Kick-boxing,

Spinning Bike exercise

Pilates, 

Bollywood fitness, 

Salsa, Hip-Hop , 

Water Fitness- Swimming

Strength Workouts with core muscle 

Strengthening

Gym Workouts

Stretching.

LIFE STYLE & BEHAVIORAL MODIFICATION :-

Limit the child's television viewing

Encourage the child to use the stairs and not the escalators

Do not offer food as reward for good behavior

Build positive habits during shopping trips by involving children in selecting healthy foods

Stock the house with nutrient dense foods

Do not set a bad example-encourage the family to cut down on their intake of fatty food.

MAKING THE RIGHT CHOICES WHILE SHOPPING :-

Do not go shopping hungry 

Let your adolescent help when possible.. 

Let them pick out a new nutritious food that they would like to try. 

Add variety to their diet 

Explain the importance of shopping and buying nutritious foods to your children. 

Make shopping a pleasurable experience for your children. 

Read labels for a healthy start.They help you make a wiser choice.Also watch for key terms and know what they mean.

Cut back on beverages and foods with high sugar.

Avoid processed foods as they are high in sodium.

Know and limit your fats. 

EATING TIPS FOR ADOLESCENTS :-

Eating on the Go

It's actually easier than you think to make good choices at a fast-food restaurant, the mall, or even the school cafeteria. Most cafeterias and fast-food places offer healthy choices that are also tasty, like grilled chicken or salads. Be mindful of portion sizes and high fat add-ons, like dressings, sauces or cheese.

Here are some pointers to remember that can help you make wise choices when eating out:

Go for balance. Choose meals that contain a balance of lean proteins (like fish, chicken, or beans if you're a vegetarian), fruits and vegetables (fries and potato chips don't qualify as veggies!), and whole-grains (like whole wheat bread and brown rice). That's why a chicken sandwich on whole wheat with lettuce and tomato is a better choice than a cheeseburger on a white bun. 

Watch portion sizes. The portion sizes of foods have increased over the past few decades so that we are now eating way more than we need. Drink water or low-fat milk. Regular sodas, juices, and energy drinks usually contain "empty" calories that you don't need — not to mention other stuff, like caffeine. 

Tips for Eating At a Restaurant

Most restaurant portions are way larger than the average serving of food at home. Ask for half portions, share an entrée with a friend, or take half of your dish home.

Here are some other restaurant survival tips:-

Ask for sauces and salad dressings on the side and use them sparingly. 

Use salsa and mustard instead of mayonnaise or oil. 

Ask for olive or canola oil instead of butter, margarine, or shortening. 

Use nonfat or low fat milk instead of whole milk or cream. 

Order baked, broiled, or grilled (not fried) lean meats including  chicken, seafood, or sirloin steak. 

Salads and vegetables make healthier side dishes than french fries. Use a small amount of sour cream instead of butter if you order a baked potato. 

Choose fresh fruit instead of sugary, high-fat desserts. 

Tips for Eating At the Mall or Fast-Food Place :-

It's tempting to pig out while shopping, but with a little planning, it's easy to eat healthy foods at the mall.

Here are some choices:

a single slice of veggie pizza grilled, not fried,
sandwiches (for example, a grilled chicken breast sandwich)
deli sandwiches on whole-grain bread a small hamburger 

a baked potato 

a side salad 

frozen yogurt 

Choose the smaller sizes, especially when it comes to drinks and snacks if you have a craving for something unhealthy, try sharing the food you crave with a friend.

Tips for Eating In the School Cafeteria :-

The suggestions for eating in a restaurant and at the mall apply to cafeteria food as well. Add vegetables and fruit whenever possible, and opt for leaner, lighter items. Choose sandwiches on whole-grain bread or a plain hamburger over fried foods or pizza. Go easy on the high-fat, low-nutrition items, such as mayonnaise and heavy salad dressings.

You might want to consider packing your own lunch occasionally. Here are some lunch items that pack a healthy punch:

sandwiches with lean meats or fish, like turkey, chicken, tuna (made with low-fat mayo), lean ham, or lean roast beef. For variety, try other sources of protein, like peanut butter, hummus, or meatless chili. 

low-fat or nonfat milk, yogurt, or cheese 

any fruit that's in season 

raw baby carrots, green and red pepper strips, tomatoes, or cucumbers 

whole-grain breads, pita, bagels, or crackers 

It can be easy to eat well, even on the run. If you develop the skills to make healthy choices now, your body will thank you later. And the good news is you don't have to eat perfectly all the time. It's OK to splurge every once in a while, as long as your food choices are generally good.

While Eating Out

Choose smaller sized portions.

While eating Pizzas choose pizzas with thin crusts and go easy on the cheese and extra meat toppings. 

Opting for low fat alternatives to traditional fast food such as a salad, baked potato and grilled chicken salad is another good step towards building good healthy food habits.

Macoroni and cheese, 1 cup has 380 calories. Opt for a whole wheat pasta (1 cup) tossed with olive oil (1 tsp) and garlic (1 clove), 214 calories. This option gives you more fiber and makes a heart healthy pick.

Adolescent Obesity Management Diet

Adolescent Weight Management

About Severe (Morbid) Obesity

Severe (Morbid) Obesity 

UNDERSTANDING SEVERE (MORBID) OBESITY  

 
 

Morbid obesity is characterized by an individual weighing more than 40 kilograms (100 pounds) over their ideal body weight, or having a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher. Throughout this site, the term “morbidly obese” is used to define an individual weighing more than 40 kg over their ideal body weight. Mass media and the public sometimes refer to morbid obesity using the term “severely obese.” These two terms may be used interchangeably.

   

What Is The Difference Between Obesity And Morbid Obesity?  

Obesity is a serious health epidemic. About 30 million Indians are obese. Obesity is a disease characterized by excessive body fat or by having a BMI greater than 30. Morbid obesity is characterized by an individual having a BMI greater than 40. In addition, it also includes people with a BMI of more than 35 and associated weight related co-morbid conditions, such as diabetes, heart disease and many more.  

   

 

What Are The Risks Associated With Morbid Obesity?

   

 

Many co-morbidities accompany morbid obesity. Once a patient is considered morbidly obese, these conditions become serious health risks. These co-morbidities also negatively impact the quality of life for a patient and their family members affected by morbid obesity. The most prevalent morbid obesity-related diseases include :

 

High blood pressure

High cholesterol

Diabetes

Heart disease

Stroke

Gallbladder disease

Osteoarthritis

Sleep apnea and respiratory problems

Some cancers (endometrial, breast and colon)

Liver disease

Venous disease

Acid reflux

Menstrual irregularities and infertility

Those who are affected by morbid obesity are encouraged to talk with their physician concerning the co-morbidities listed. The earlier these are detected, the better advantage a patient may have to keep them under control with the assistance of a physician.  

Causes of Morbid Obesity : Morbid obesity is simply not a result of overeating. It is a serious disease that needs to be prevented and treated. The causes of morbid obesity are widespread, but target three main contributors: behavior, environment and genetics.  

   

 

Behavior : In today’s fast-paced environment, it is easy to adopt unhealthy behaviors. Behavior, in the case of morbid obesity, relates to food choices, amount of physical activity you get and the effort to maintain your health. The increase in caloric intake has also decreased the nutrients consumed that are needed for a healthy diet. This behavioral problem also relates to the increase in portion sizes at home and when dining out. The influence of television, computers and other technologies discourage physical activity and add to the problem of obesity in our society.

Environment : Environment plays a key role in shaping an individual’s habits and lifestyle. There are many environmental influences that can impact your health decisions. Today’s society has developed a more sedentary lifestyle. Walking has been replaced by driving cars, physical activity has been replaced by technology and nutrition has been overcome by convenience foods.  

   

 

Genetics : Science shows that genetics play a role in obesity and morbid obesity. Genes can cause certain disorders which result in obesity. However, not all individuals who are predisposed to obesity become morbidly obese. Research is currently underway to determine which genes contribute most to morbid obesity.

What Are The Social Effects Of Morbid Obesity?  

Individuals affected by morbid obesity often face obstacles far beyond health risks. Emotional suffering may be one of the most painful parts of morbid obesity. Society often emphasizes the importance of physical appearance. As a result, people who are morbidly obese often face prejudice or discrimination.  

Effects at Work : Due to the negative stigma associated with morbid obesity, morbidly obese employees are often viewed as less competent, lazy and lacking in self-discipline by their co-workers and employers. Often times, discriminatory attitudes can negatively impact wages, promotions and employment status for obese employees.  

In Healthcare Settings : Negative attitudes about morbidly obese patients also exist in the healthcare setting. Morbidly obese patients that are often reluctant to seek medical care may be more likely to delay important preventative healthcare services and may more frequently cancel medical appointments. Delaying medical attention can lead to delayed discovery or treatment of co-morbid conditions, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, while becoming more physically damaging. The consequences of discrimination against the morbidly obese can seriously impact an individual’s quality of life and only further intensify the negative stigma associated with obesity.  

Treating Morbid Obesity : (*Note: Please consult with your physician before beginning any treatment program.) Because the health risks associated with morbid obesity are life-threatening, clinical programs, such as medically managed weight-loss, weight-loss surgery and other options are available for treatment.  

Medically Managed Weight-Loss : Medically managed weight-loss programs provide treatment in a clinical setting with a licensed healthcare professional, such as a medical doctor, nurse, registered dietitian and/or psychologists. These programs typically offer services such as nutrition education, physical activity and behavioral therapy. Often, these programs incorporate total meal replacement programs.  

Medications (Pharmacotherapy) : Currently there are few medications that are approved for weight-loss: sibutamine, orlistat, and Noradrenergics products. All are to be used in conjunction with a reduced-calorie diet, exercise and behavior modification. As with all therapies, medically managed weight-loss needs to be approached with a focused treatment plan, which includes a team of healthcare providers. The team should include dietitians, psychologists and exercise specialists, in addition to the medical providers to provide care at all stages of the weight-loss treatment process.  

Bariatric Surgery (Weight-loss Surgery) : If your BMI is more than 40, or your BMI is more than 35 and you have a weight-related co-morbidity, such as diabetes or hypertension, you may consider bariatric surgery (also called weight-loss surgery). It is important to speak with your surgeon to determine if surgery is right for you. Today, the three most commonly selected procedures for weight-loss surgery are:  

 

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding

Gastric Sleeve Resection

When considering weight-loss surgery, you must balance the personal risk of being morbidly obese with the potential risk of the surgery. This treatment option is a tool that you will continually use to lose weight. Surgery is a resource to help you reduce your weight. Behavioral, physical and psychological changes are required for you to maintain a healthy quality of life. Continued positive weight-loss relies upon your desire and dedication to change your lifestyle with a proactive approach. Additional Treatment Options, In addition to weight-loss surgery and medically managed weight-loss, the following therapies are also utilized to treat morbid obesity.  

Behavior Modification : Behavior plays a significant role in morbid obesity. Modifying behaviors that have contributed to developing obesity is one way to treat the disease either alone or in conjunction with other treatments. A few suggested behavior modifiers include: changing eating habits, increasing physical activity, becoming educated about the body and how to nourish it appropriately, engaging in a support group or extracurricular activity and setting realistic weight management goals.  

Physical Activity : Increasing or initiating a physical activity program is an important aspect in managing morbid obesity. Routine physical activity can greatly impact your health. Set realistic goals and make sure to consult with your physician before initiating any exercise program.  

Surgical Management Of Obesity

Surgical  Management Of Obesity

SURGICAL TREATMENT OF OBESITY

Surgical treatment of obesity is an option for those who are classified as morbidly obese. Morbid obesity is defined as a patient having a BMI of 40 or greater, or weighing more than 40 kilograms over their ideal body weight. In addition, a patient with a BMI of 35 or greater with one or more obesity-related diseases is also classified as morbidly obese. There are a few different types of bariatric surgery or weight-loss surgery treatment options, such as Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass, Gastric Sleeve resection and Adjustable Gastric Banding.  

   

 

Treating Morbid Obesity : (*Note: Please consult with your physician before beginning any treatment program.) Because the health risks associated with morbid obesity are life-threatening, clinical programs, such as medically managed weight-loss, weight-loss surgery and other options are available for treatment.

   

Medically Managed Weight-Loss : Medically managed weight-loss programs provide treatment in a clinical setting with a licensed healthcare professional, such as a medical doctor, nurse, registered dietitian and/or psychologists. These programs typically offer services such as nutrition education, physical activity and behavioral therapy. Often, these programs incorporate total meal replacement programs.  

   

Medications (Pharmacotherapy) : Currently there are few medications that are approved for weight-loss: sibutamine, orlistat, and Noradrenergics products. All are to be used in conjunction with a reduced-calorie diet, exercise and behavior modification. As with all therapies, medically managed weight-loss needs to be approached with a focused treatment plan, which includes a team of healthcare providers. The team should include dietitians, psychologists and exercise specialists, in addition to the medical providers to provide care at all stages of the weight-loss treatment process.  

   

 

Bariatric Surgery (Weight-loss Surgery) : If your BMI is more than 40, or your BMI is more than 35 and you have a weight-related co-morbidity, such as diabetes or hypertension, you may consider bariatric surgery (also called weight-loss surgery). It is important to speak with your surgeon to determine if surgery is right for you. Today, the three most commonly selected procedures for weight-loss surgery are:

 

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding

Gastric Sleeve Resection

 

When considering weight-loss surgery, you must balance the personal risk of being morbidly obese with the potential risk of the surgery. This treatment option is a tool that you will continually use to lose weight. Surgery is a resource to help you reduce your weight. Behavioral, physical and psychological changes are required for you to maintain a healthy quality of life. Continued positive weight-loss relies upon your desire and dedication to change your lifestyle with a proactive approach.

Bariatic Surgery : Bariatric surgery encompasses all of the various operations which have been designed to cause a significant and long-lasting weight-loss in severely obese patients. Surgeons who specialize in treating obesity are known as Bariatric Surgeons. Bariatric surgery has been actively practiced by surgeons in the U.S. since the 1960’s. Recently, techniques in Laparoscopic and Minimally Invasive surgery have caused a dramatic increase in the number of weight loss surgeries being performed worldwide.

Weight loss (bariatric) surgery is a unique field, in that with one operation, a person can be potentially cured of numerous medical diseases including diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, sleep apnea, chronic headaches, venous stasis disease, urinary incontinence, liver disease, and arthritis. Bariatric surgery is the only proven method that results in durable weight loss. This proven surgical approach, combined with the dismal failure of dieting, the marked improvement in quality of life and the quick recovery with minimally invasive techniques, has fueled the surge in the number of bariatric procedures performed annually over the last 10 years.

Surgery for the treatment of obesity is only appropriate for those individuals who are considered Morbidly Obese. Because of the possible risks and complications of surgery, it is not appropriate for individuals who do not meet these criteria to undergo weight-loss surgery.

Who Qualifies for Surgery?

 

Patients with a BMI of 40 or greater

Patients with BMI of 35 or greater who also suffer from a severe medical condition related to obesity (sleep apnea, diabetes, heart failure, high blood pressure)

A patient who is prepared and willing to commit to the lifestyle changes that will be necessary following surgery.

They should have no known endocrine (glandular) or metabolic causes for their severe obesity, which is uncorrected.

They should be of sound mind to understand the risks of the operation and the commitment which is necessary to be successful.

They should be able to commit to regular follow-up visits with their doctor, as well as a sound diet and exercise program after surgery.

Weight loss operations can be divided into restrictive procedures and malabsorptive procedures. Malabsorptive procedures reduce the absorption of calories, proteins and other nutrients. In contrast, restrictive operations decrease food intake and promote a feeling of fullness (satiety) after meals. Some operations are a combination of both. The gastric bypass, the adjustable gastric band, sleeve gastroplasty are the primary procedures used currently.

Passive Activity For Weightloss

Passive Activity For Weightloss

Definition:- The APPLIANCE (Neuromuscular Simulator) is an electrical device that is used to exercise the Muscles  ,by passing an Impulse through the Muscle which Stimulates the Muscle(Motor Nerve control the muscular Activities). through this we can stimulate the group of Muscle to burn out Calorie. Its also part Weight loss, Component Of Negative Calorie Balance

ATIN’S HOLISTIC MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH FOR WEIGHT LOSS

7500Kcal =1kg
Deficit through diet 500Kcal
Physical Activity 250Kcal
Appliances (Passive Activity) 250Kcal
Behavioral Modification   50 kcal
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 1050kcal/day*7days=7500kcal/Wk=1kg/wk.=4kg/Month.
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Type Of Muscle Simulator
N.M.S:-Neuromuscular Simulator
E.M.S:- Electrical Muscular Simulator
E.M.E:- Electrical Muscular Exerciser .

Function of Simulator :-
Treatment Through
Chanel- lead- 12
Electrode
Coupling Media (US/ ECG Gel)

MODE (Depend upon company)
Exp:-
01. Tapping, TNS, Stimulation
02. Continuous mode
03. Relaxation Mode
04.Pulse Mode
Ratio -of Contraction & Relaxation Time:-
1:1/1:1.5/1:2  (for good result).

Current
High Frequency Current (H.F.C)
Medium Frequency Current (M.F.C)
Low Frequency Current (L.F.C)
Carrier Frequency Current (C.F.C).

Mode/pole current :-
01. Mono- Polar Current (N.M.S)
02. Bio- Polar Current (T.N.S)
03. Trio-Polar Current (R.F)
04. Quadri Polar Current (I.F.T/TORC)
05. Hexa Polar Current (R.F/U.S Capitations)

HZ= How Much STIMULUS/Sec

Activity Patterns:-

Active 

Passive 

Appliances are a part of Passive Activity Pattern and are one of the components of achieving Negative Calorie Balance.

FDS (FAT DISINTEGRATION SYSTEM.) PRINCIPLE.

Infrared rays penetrate through the subcutaneous layer increase in surface  temperature activates hypothalamus stimulates the sweat glands in the skin and causes dilation of blood vessels increase heat loss sweat Good peripheral circulation better transport of nutrients improvement in digestion, lymphatic drainage better muscular movements gradual increase in BMR

                    

Good Weight Loss when coupled with proper diet plans & activity patterns.

Neuro Muscular Stimulators :-

Muscle toning, firming and development through the induction of passive exercises

PRINCIPLE

Stimulation of selected groups of muscles

Isometric muscle flexing builds up muscular movements utilization of local fat deposits & muscle glycogen ( source of energy).

Chemical changes during Muscle Contraction:-

Glycogenolysis of Muscle Glycogen 

Glucose

Glycolysis       

Pyruvic acid

Oxygen

Acetyl Coenzyme A

                         

Citric acid Cycle

Water + CO2 + Energy.

Energy From Local Fat Deposits :-

Neurotransmitter

Acts on Cyclic AMP / ATP metabolic pathway

Liberates enzyme Lipase

Acts on Fat cells / Adipose tissue

Breaks them into Free Fatty acids and Glycerol

Consumption by the body for energy.

Contraction and twisting of muscle fiber

Elimination of extra cellular fluid and toxic deposits

Increase in blood supply to muscles

Improvement in blood circulation

Growth of new blood vessels in the muscles.

Improvement of nutritional supply of the muscle cell and surrounding connective tissue

Strengthening and firming of the elastic fiber surrounding the connective tissue

Optimization of muscle tone

Improvement of muscular stability

Building up muscle mass.

Fitness Management On Weight Loss

Fitness Management On Weight Loss

Health is important ;-

01. Our body comes perfect in every way .

02.And it’s the only one we will ever have

Unfortunately it comes without any guarantee ! We have to take care of it !

03. Fit families are happy families.

Fit people are good looking !

01. Muscles develop healthy tone

02. Firmness adds shape to the body

03. Bones strengthen

04. Reduction of fat - and you start looking better.

Fit people are winners !

a. Self-Esteem

b. Confidence

c. Disease resistance (lower medical bills…)

d. Happiness

f. Increased efficiency

g. Better performance.

But what is fitness ?

01. Carrying on daily tasks without undue fatigue,

02.Having ample energy left over to enjoy leisure-time activities, and

03. Managing stress effectively.

Fitness has many forms :-

01. Body fitness

02. Diet fitness

03. Mind fitness

04. Sports fitness

05. Work fitness.

Health related fitness :-

01. Posture

02. Cardiovascular fitness

04. Endurance

05. Muscle strength

06. Flexibility

07. Body composition

Components of Physical Fitness :-

01. Posture - Muscle Flexibility

02. Gait - Muscle Strength

03. Balance - Muscle Endurance.

Flexibility :-

It is the capacity of the muscles, tendons and ligaments to stretch without getting injured. Flexibility allows the joints to go through the  full range of movements. Benefits of flexibility training include reduced risk of injury and muscle tension, decreased lower back pain,  improve postural awareness and enhanced ability to perform activities  of daily living.

Measure Flexibility with Sit and Reach Test :-

Sit on the ground with legs straight and toes pointing the ceiling. Now bend forward and try to reach your toes with your fingers. Do not jerk  and bend your knees.

A. If you can just manage to touch your toes, flexibility is 0

B. If you are not able to touch your toes, have the distance from your finger tips to your toes measured. If 3cm flexibility is –3.

Muscle Strength :-

We measure the strength of two muscles:

a. The abdominal muscles

b. The muscles of the back

These have significant role to play in a person’s fitness level.

Muscle Strength :-

Ab-Hold:

This isometric pose measures the middle body strength.With the hands in front  and knees bent, a person has to raise the torso upwards till at 45 degree angle. And hold this position for as long as he can.

Back- Hold:

Here a person has to lie on his stomach with his hands in front of him, keeping his legs straight, his torso should be raised slowly as high as he can and maintain that position for as long as possible.

Endurance:-

Cardiovascular fitness, aerobic capacity and stamina are other words commonly used for endurance.

A person with good endurance recovers more quickly after exertion and has a lower heart rate and blood pressure at rest.

A person with poor endurance would be having high resting heart rate, breathlessness on exertion and feeling tiredness.

Measuring Endurance : The Step Test :-

The three minute step test is a simple measurement of aerobic fitness or endurance.

You need a stool or a bench 20 cm high and a watch. You need to climb 24 times a minute or twice in 5 sec. A steady rhythm is maintained with right up, left up, right down, left down. After 3 minutes of continuous stepping sit down and rest for 30 sec. After the 30 seconds rest count the pulse for another 30 seconds.

Refer to the table in fitness report to know how you have faired.

(Before the test, measure the resting pulse and refer the table in fitness report.)

FITNESS MANAGEMENT

Fit people are large hearted - literally !!

Cardiovascular fitness not only adds years to your life - it adds life to your years !

Benefits of Exercise :-

Raises BMR

Counters the effects of ageing

A. As we age:

1. Body weight remains the same

2. Body fat increases

3. Shifts from extremities to the abdomen

4. Causes increased heart problems

5. Increased blood pressure.

01. Benefits of Exercise :-

Releases ‘Feel-Good’ chemicals from the brain

Serotinin

Oxytocin

Endorphins

02. Beneficial effects of these chemicals

Reduce depression

Reduce anxiety

Reduce fatigue

Reduce anger and confusion

03. Have an enlarged, efficient heart

Reduced heart rate

Reduced blood pressure

Prevents Osteoporosis

Increases bone mass

Reduces risk of fractures.

04. Benefits of Exercise :-

Gives More Energy

Increases number of RBCs

Increases Oxygen to muscles

Increases strength and endurance

Reduces Ageing !

05. Reduces Ageing

Delays Muscle Deterioration

Normally, without exercise there is 1% decrease in muscle size per year

With exercise, this reduction does not start till age sixty

Prevents decline of Central Nervous System (CNS)

Slow reaction time

Slow muscle and joint movements

Good for skin and hair

Improves the blood flow

Improves nutrition

Removes waste

06. Increases the skin thickness

Reduces wrinkles

Delays ageing.

A. What Can Exercise do for You?

Prevent and reduce joint problems

Reducing your weight lessens wear and tear on joints

Inactivity can contribute to arthritis, while exercising helps prevent it

Exercise keeps muscle, bones, and cartilage strong and healthy, protecting your joints

Halt bone loss

Both men and women become more prone to bone loss as we age, but exercise can actually promote increased bone mass and strength

Increased bone mass helps prevent fractures and osteoporosis

Improve respiration: breathe easier at rest and when active

During exercise, our lungs work harder to supply oxygen to our bodies. Our lungs adapt to  the extra workload and become more efficient at providing oxygen. Eventually, exercise and other daily activities become easier.

Exercise and Cardiovascular Disease :-

FACT: CVD is the number one killer in the developing countries

Over three million in India alone will suffer a heart attack this year 30% will not survive the acute episode,and 10% more will die during the following year.

About 500,000 will suffer a stroke, 40% will

be left with a significant disability,

and 30% will die within the following year.

FACT: A sedentary lifestyle is a risk factor for CVD, according to the American Heart Association

Exercise reduces blood pressure

Exercise prevents atherosclerosis (clogged arteries).

Exercise and Cancer :-

The basics:

Exercise helps to prevent obesity, a major risk factor for several types of cancer

Exercise enhances immune function

Exercise activates antioxidant enzymes that protect cells from free radical damage.

Colon cancer:

Physical activity speeds movement of food through the gastrointestinal tract, reducing the risk of colon cancer

Breast cancer:

High levels of circulating estrogens influence the development of cancers of the female reproductive system; exercise reduces levels of circulating estrogen, thus reducing risk.

Exercise and Diabetes :-

Increase insulin sensitivity

Exercise has been shown to increase the ability of the body to use insulin, which improves how the body uses sugar

Control blood glucose

Exercise removes come glucose directly from the blood to use for energy during and after activity

Control weight / lower body fat

4 out of 5 people with diabetes are overweight

Studies show that when diabetics lose weight, their condition improves

Reduce risk of cardiovascular disease

People with diabetes are at increased risk for CVD.

Exercise and Depression :-

Over 38 million people suffer from depression each year in India

Exercise can help prevent depression. In fact, recent studies have shown  that exercise was found to be just as effective (despite a slower initial response) as antidepressant medication for treatment of depression.

The connection:

Exercise reduces health problems , making you feel better

Exercise helps you sleep better

Exercise controls weight, enhancing self-esteem

Endorphin stimulation is linked to exercise

Endorphins are molecules formed in the body that naturally relieve pain by activating opiate receptors. They are involved in determining mood and controlling the body’s response to stress.

Prolonged exercise (above 70% max) contributes to increased production of endorphins, resulting in a sense of euphoria that has been popularly labeled “runner’s high”.

Exercise and Your Mind :-

Short-term benefits:

Boost alertness (possibly by triggering the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine)

Improve memory

Improve intellectual function

Spark creativity

Long-term benefits:

Exercise has been shown to slow and even reverse age-related decline in mental function and loss of short-term memory

Studies show that physically fit older people react to normal challenges as quickly as unfit people who are 30 years younger.