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VEDIC APROACH ON OBESITY PERMANENT TREATMENT

What Is Ayurveda?
Ayurveda is the ancient system of healing from India. The word ayurveda comes from the Sanskrit roots ayu and veda, or “life” and “knowledge.” The use of spices as "wonder foods" has been in the ayurvedic teaching for thousands of years. Spices are a convenient, therapeutic and flavorful way to keep your diet healthy and healing.
Ayurveda is in many ways a health-care system but also a complete approach to living life. When it comes to weight loss, an ayurvedic doctor or nutritionist can recommend specific spices to include in your diet as part of a program or treatment. Simple recipes that have been passed on by generations are the secrets to weight loss. Also, look for foods that have anti-viral, anti-bacterial and, most importantly, anti-inflammatory properties. Decreasing inflammation helps you lose weight and keep it off.

Ayurveda is the ancient medical system of India. It offers one of the fastest paths to health. Instead of having to guess which foods, supplements, and behaviors are appropriate for you, there is a simple, direct prescriptive path that is developed for your unique body type, or dosha. This takes all the guesswork out of getting healthy. The benefits that occur are not only felt in your body – they are also seen in your mental and emotional wellbeing. This holistic approach to health allows you to become a balanced, vital, happy person with the least amount of effort. Ayurveda is an ancient solution to our modern-day problems that need quick, effective solutions.


The three ayurvedic body types, or doshas, are Vata, Pitta and Kapha. Each dosha has a unique set of characteristics. There are several ways to determine your body type. The most accurate is through the detailed history and physical by an ayurvedic physician. However, even taking a quick ayurvedic quiz will provide you with tremendous insight into your principal dosha. Most people are a combination of two doshas, but one typically predominates.

What is a Dosha?
According to ayurveda, each of us has a unique mix of three mind and body principles, which creates our specific mental and physical characteristics. These three principles are called doshas. Most of us have one or two doshas, which are most dominant in our nature, with the remaining one(s) less expressed.

Principles of Vata, Pitta, and Kapha?
According to ayurveda, one of the oldest branches of the vedas, vata, pitta and kapha are formed from combinations of the five elements that make up our universe. For thousands of years, it has been understood by many that our bodies are composed of these same five elements that make up our external environment. When these elements combine in the human physiology, they create three governing principles, or doshas, which must be kept in proper balance in order to maintain good health.

Of these three primary doshas, vata governs them all. Air and space are combined to form vata. Fire and water govern pitta; and water and earth, kapha. The attributes of each dosha, along with the specific combination within each individual help determine the individual's physical, mental and emotional characteristics and tendencies.
Everything that moves, fluctuates or changes is governed by vata. Ayurveda explains that without air and space, life would be unable to progress, shift or take motion. As in the exterior world, vata dosha is responsible for all movement within the body. This involves all forms of motion in the mind and body such as circulation, elimination, peristalsis, respiration, nerve impulses and the thought process. Vata qualities include changeability, airy, cold, moving, quick, light, dry and rough.

A. Vata type people are small boned, quick moving and speaking, with dry skin and small or irregular appetites. Out of balance vata can cause poor memory, worry or anxiety, insomnia, fatigue and weakness, arthritis, hypertension, constipation or rough, dry skin. In order to balance it in the physiology, the opposite qualities need to be introduced: getting plenty of rest, warmth in food and environment, heavier, oily foods with sweet, sour or salty tastes.

B. Pitta controls all forms of transformation and metabolism in the mind and body such as assimilation, digestion, metabolism, the immune system and processing sensory information. Pitta type people have medium builds, strong appetites, strong intellects and dislike hot weather. They are also articulate, intense and orderly with fiery personalities
     An overabundance of pitta can cause excessive body heat, anger, impatience, skin and eye problems, heartburn and ulcers. Pitta dosha is balanced by its opposite qualities: cool environment with cool, heavy, oily diet that is sweet, bitter or astringent.

C. . Kapha qualities include cold, heavy, slow, soft, steady, oily, sticky and sweet. Kapha controls all forms of fluid balance and structure in the physiology such as water retention, mucus, physical strength, natural tissue resistance and proper body structure. People with predominantly kapha body types are large boned, strong with an even temper, affectionate and forgiving, methodical, earthy, and slow to forget.
Kapha types will show a dislike for cool, damp weather. Too much kapha may cause laziness, dullness, overweight, asthma, and depression. Kapha dosha is balanced by its opposite qualities: more exercise, less oversleeping, light, dry, hot foods with pungent, bitter or astringent tastes

The north winds of winter are associated with the environmental vata. Vata season is between November and February when the cold, dry weather of winter aggravates our internal vata dosha. Pitta season is between July and October when heat is experienced as hot and combustive. Kapha is between March and June during the wet, heavy season.
Each seasonal change soothes and balances the effects of the previous season. Vata cools the accumulated heat from pitta season, kapha replenishes the moisture of drying vata season and pitta warms the cold wetness of kapha. At the end of each season, there will be an accumulated influence found in the body. Our bodies need an opportunity to balance any influences a particular dosha may have established.


The three primary doshas are also evident within the circadian cycle, all in local standard time.
01. Vata is dominant between
2:00am and 6:00am
2:00pm and 6:00pm
02. Pitta is dominant between
10:00pm and 2:00am
10:00am and 2:00pm.
03. Kapha is dominant between
6:00pm and 10:00pm
6:00am and 10:00am.

During the early morning hours between 2:00am and 6:00am, vata is moving the toxins and impurities out of the nervous system. Ayurveda also recommends the importance of rising prior to 6:00am so that we may maintain clarity and flexibility. If we sleep past vata time and into the following kapha time, we will be dull, lethargic and stiff. During the afternoon vata time between 2:00pm and 6:00pm, our clarity and intensity is at its highest. This is the best time for mental work or activity. If for any reason we are feeling sluggish or sleepy during this time, it is due to improperly digesting our noon meal. This makes it especially important to not submit to sleep.
During midday pitta time, 10:00am to 2:00pm, while the sun is at its highest, our digestion is at its hottest and most efficient. Our largest meal of the day should be eaten as close to noon as possible to insure proper digestion. During the nighttime pitta, between 10:00pm and 2:00am, it is important to be resting as our digestion takes this time for its cleansing cycle. The heating qualities of pitta take this opportunity to cleanse our systems of any undigested food.
This is why our first impulse in the morning is to evacuate our bowel and bladder of waste. We blow our nose, cleanse our ears, eyes, mouth, and tongue of accumulated congestion, which is considered the residue from undigested food. It is especially important to not eat during nighttime pitta because without this cleansing opportunity, undigested food (ama) and toxins accumulate.


During kapha time, between 6:00pm and 10:00pm, we will begin to settle down and feel ready for sleep. It is important to go to bed before 10:00pm so kapha is still influencing our nervous system. If we wait until pitta influence begins to take hold, we will begin waking up and feeling hungry. Kapha time is the easiest time to fall asleep and the first couple hours of sleep will be more valuable if complimented by kapha.
According to the ayurvedic tradition, our routines should be in line with vata, pitta and kapha circadian and environmental cycles to insure our bodies of proper functioning. Improper sequencing is the ultimate key to imbalance, which brings on disease. Along with establishing our routines, appropriate food will help keep each dosha in proper balance.
Because vata leads the other doshas, it should be our primary concern when addressing imbalances in the system. Often times by balancing our vata dosha, this will bring pitta and kapha back into balance. Ayurveda explains that these lifestyle adjustments will create harmony on all levels of the mind, body and spirit. By addressing the vata, pitta and kapha tridoshas, our lives will be enriched on every level.

The Vata Dosha
Vata, tends to be the most slender of the three body types. Vata people can actually find it difficult to gain weight. Physically, Vata individuals are thin with prominent bony structures; tend to be cold all the time; have dry skin and hair; and have little muscle tone. Mentally, they learn fast and forget fast, enjoy change, and are very creative. Emotionally, Vata types are excitable, enthusiastic, but can become easily anxious.

Out of balance, Vata individuals can have poor digestion with lots of bloating and constipation. They can have dry nasal passages and easily catch colds during the fall and winter. They can also easily develop insomnia and fatigue. To help with the digestion, there is an herbal supplement, Triphala, which is a lifesaver for people with a Vata imbalance. To prevent dry nasal passages and fight off colds, Vata individuals can use a sesame oil nasal spray – you just spray 1-2 sprays in each nostril in the mornings. To fight off insomnia, a regular routine is critical, which, of course, Vata individuals tend to resist. Nonetheless, they should be waking up at the same time, eating lunch at the same time, and going to bed at the same time. Additionally, Vata types will benefit from a warm, spiced milk drink at bedtime.  

The dietary recommendations for Vata individuals are to avoid dry/crunchy foods, carbonated beverages, and cold/raw vegetables. Their ideal diet consists of warm, cooked, soupy foods; cooked cereals; nuts; cooked vegetables; and hot milk. Also, ghee, which is clarified butter, is particularly good for Vata individuals.


VEDIC FOOD :-
According to Ayurveda, the Vedic science of holistic living, the way you cook your food will decide what it does for you. Depending on how it is cooked, the same food can boost your energy levels, make you drop off to sleep or help you meditate better! In other words, cooking determines whether the food will be transformed into sattva, rajas or tamas. There are three qualities or energies, known in Sanskrit as gunas, which stem from the essential aspects of nature - matter, energy and consciousness respectively. All of us are essentially a mix of these energies, with one energy dominating at any given time.
Food is also classified in these three ways, depending on the effect it creates in us.

Sattvic cooking
Sattvic food is obviously the healthiest choice for your body and mind. Here are a few tips for sattvic cooking. When the food is cooked on a low flame, covered and a minimum of cooking is given to the food, just enough for you to be able to digest it. So the vegetables are not cooked until completely soft but they are left a bit crunchy. You can feel the juice in the vegetable. When you bite into the food the juice of the food is there in your mouth. So the nutrition and freshness of the food is still maintained.
Energize your food
There is one more way to increase the energy and wholesomeness of the food. In the Vedic tradition, we first offer the food to the Divine before eating it. Consecrating the food not only energizes it, but also helps us become aware that eating is a sacred act. This simple awareness will help us to avoid overeating, avoid wasting food – and above all, eat with a sense of gratitude and fulfillment.
Enjoy your food!
During your meal, drop everything else and just enjoy eating your food with awareness. Take a serving at a time, enjoying the colors and shape food through the eyes, enjoying the color of the food. Take small helpings; enjoy the visual treat. Take in the fragrance of the food. Relish its taste and texture in your mouth. Involve all your senses in your experience. When you eat with total mindfulness, you not only eat less, but you eat wisely, allowing your body to tell you what type of food it needs most that day. Most importantly, you get up from your meal with a deep sense of fulfillment.

Choose More Satvic Foods;-
The qualities of satvic foods produce calmness, clarity and creativity in the mind, and health and vitality in the body. Examples of satvic foods are: organic fresh fruits and vegetables, raw honey, grains, beans, lentils, almonds, unprocessed milk, ghee, nuts and seeds. These foods are moist, sweet, fresh and soft, have delicate flavors, and should be served at room temperature. The opposite of satvic foods are tamasic foods, or processed foods. When we eat tamasic foods, it brings: dullness, confusion, inertia, ignorance, and attachment. Examples of tamasic foods are: foods that are aged like cheese, leftovers, fried foods, frozen foods, homogenized foods, fermented foods, red meat, alcohol, and mushrooms. These foods are: dry, old, stale, rotten, heavy, dead, processed, preserved, tasteless, and hard for the body to process.

The Six Tastes and Your Ayurvedic Body Type:-
Ayurvedic cooking involves six tastes, which are used to prepare a balanced dish. Include all the tastes in your day to make your diet divine and healing: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, pungent and astringent.

Here are some examples of each of the 6 tastes:-
Sweet: Almonds, sugar, milk, rice, wheat, large beans
Salty: Salt, seaweed, salted snacks
Sour: Lemon, yogurt, cheese, tomatoes, sour fruits, pickled fruits, tamarind
Pungent: Ginger, mustard, clove, hot spices, radish, chilies, garlic
Astringent: Beans, lentils, pomegranate, unripe bananas, apples, cabbage, potatoes, cranberries
Bitter: Green tea, green leafy veggies, endive, tonic water, fenugreek, rhubarb, turmeric, chocolate
Each taste has a balancing ability, and including some of each provides complete nutrition, minimizes cravings and balances the appetite and digestion.

The three doshas are known as: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha :-
A. The Kapha Dosha:-
Kapha is typically the largest of the body types. Physically, they have wide hips/shoulders; thick wavy hair; good physical stamina. Mentally, Kapha types tend to me slow to learn, but they have great memories. Emotionally, they tend to be very loyal, stable, and reliable.

The Pitta Dosha :-
Pitta individuals are typically of medium build. Physically, they have good muscle tone; have a tendency to always feel warm; have premature graying hair or balding; have reddish complexions; enjoy high energy levels; and have really strong digestion – they can eat almost anything. Mentally, they are extremely intelligent, focused, ambitious people. Emotionally, they are passionate about life, have a tendency to be perfectionists, and can become easily irritated.
The Vata Dosha:-
The third dosha, Vata, tends to be the most slender of the three body types. Vata people can actually find it difficult to gain weight. Physically, Vata individuals are thin with prominent bony structures; tend to be cold all the time; have dry skin and hair; and have little muscle tone. Mentally, they learn fast and forget fast, enjoy change, and are very creative. Emotionally, Vata types are excitable, enthusiastic, but can become easily anxious.

Kapha Body Type Meal Plan  :-
01. GINGER
02. CITRUS FOOD.

B. Pitta Body Type Meal Plan:-
01. APPLE,
02 COCONUT
03.PAPAYA

C. Vata Body Type Meal Plan :-
01. GRAVE
02. ROSBARRY
03. BLACK GRAVE.
04. STROBERY.

Ayurvedic Diet: Kitcheri for Vatas

OBESITY & STRETCH MARK IN BODY & HOW TO PREVENT IT

STRETCH MARK DEFERENT PART OF BODY

Its a ig Problem for Women thats a Stretch mark in defferents part of Body . I watch when Body Weight Is Up than If not controlled than all women are fachin like this Problem Which carryed entire life. the fact is that The anatomy of our Skin is The Upper layer skin is called Dermis, than Epi-dermis, than Hypodermis, After that The main Two Fiber called Colagen & Elastagen its like NET ( Their Function To Compress The FAT Layer & Thats not Comedown Out Side). We have Fat layer beneath a skin & fat stored in Adipose Tissue called Cellulites. When it will exassive Deposit than its like Dimpling & if you rub your hips & Thigs you will feel Uneven Surface its Up & Down. if ingnore long time than your Adipose tissue increase Diamitter & than Stretchout Colagen Fiber Women Gets STERECH MARK.

RESON FOR STRETCH MARK :-
01. INCREASE BODY WEIGHT.
02. MAY INCREASE TUMMY, THIGH'S BREASE.
03. UNOTHENTIC WEIGHT LOSS ( When you lose weight from your Muscle )
04. After every 5kg Weight Deduction Women Under wear will Modify , Basically Brs Cup size, Also Modify innerwear).
05. Unhealthy Nutrition ( Protein is Low, Normal requirement 0.8gm /kg. for Weight loss it will be 1.25-1.5gm/kg body Weight.
06. Fast Weight Loss Through Crash Diet / Supplements (unscientific Way).

What is Stretch mark:-
Stretch marks or striae, as they are called in dermatology, are a form of scarring on the skin with a silvery white hue. They are caused by tearing of the dermis, and over time can diminish but not disappear completely. Stretch marks are the result of the rapid stretching of the skin associated with rapid growth (common in puberty) or weight gain (e.g. pregnancy). Although the skin is fairly elastic, rapid stretching of the skin will leave permanent stretch marks. (Source: WD Writers). Stretch marks are generally associated with pregnancy, obesity, and can develop during rapid muscle growth from steroid use. Stretch marks are also referred to as striae distensae. Medical terminology for these kinds of markings include striae atrophicae, vergetures, striae cutis distensae, striae gravidarum (in cases where it is caused by pregnancy), lineae atrophicae, striae distensae, linea albicante, or simply striae.

Symptoms and signs :-
They first appear as reddish or purple lines, but tend to gradually fade to a lighter color. The affected areas appear empty and soft to the touch.
Human skin has three different layers: the epidermis (outer layer), the dermis (middle layer), and the subcutaneous stratum (innermost layer). Stretch marks occur in the dermis, the resilient middle layer that helps the skin retain its shape. No stretch marks will form as long as there is support within the dermis. Stretching plays more of a role in where the marks occur and in what direction they run. Stretching alone is not the cause.
Stretch marks can appear anywhere on the body, but are most likely to appear in places where larger amounts of fat are stored. Most common places are the abdomen (especially near the belly-button), breasts, upper arms, underarms, thighs (both inner and outer), hips, and buttocks. They pose no health risk in and of themselves, and do not compromise the body's ability to function normally and repair itself.

Causes :-
The glucocorticoid hormones responsible for the development of stretch marks affect the epidermis by preventing the fibroblasts from forming collagen and elastin fibers, necessary to keep rapidly growing skin taut. This creates a lack of supportive material, as the skin is stretched and leads to dermal and epidermal tearing. If the epidermis and the dermis has been penetrated, laser will not remove the stretch marks.

Prevention and cure :-
Between 75% and 90% of women develop stretch marks to some degree during pregnancy. The sustained hormonal levels as a result of pregnancy usually means stretch marks may appear during the sixth or seventh month.
Only one randomised controlled study has been published which claimed to test whether oils or creams prevent the development of stretchmarks. This study found a daily application of a cream (Trofolastin) containing Centella asiatica extract, vitamin E, and collagen-elastin hydrolysates was associated with fewer stretch marks during pregnancy.Another study, though lacking a placebo control, examined a cream (Verum) containing vitamin E, panthenol, hyaluronic acid, elastin and menthol. It was associated with fewer stretch marks during pregnancy versus no treatment.
Though cocoa butter is an effective moisturizer, no research studies have shown its ability to either prevent stretchmarks, or improve their appearance once a stretchmark has already formed.

Various treatments are available for the purpose of improving the appearance of existing stretch marks, including laser treatments, dermabrasion, and prescription retinoids. Used daily for one month, they resulted in significant improvement in the appearance of a stretchmark's length, depth, and irregular surface area. Some cream manufacturers claim the best results are achieved on recent stretch marks; however, few studies exist to support these claims. A recent study in the journal "Dermatologic Surgery" has shown that radiofrequency combined with 585-nm pulsed dye laser treatment gave "good and very good" subjective improvement in stretch marks in 89.2% of 37 patients, although further studies will be required to follow up on these results. In addition, the use of a pulsed dye laser has shown to increase pigmentation in darker skinned individuals with repeated treatments. A surgical procedure for removing lower abdominal stretch marks is the tummy tuck, which removes the skin below the navel where stretch marks frequently occur.

About Obesity

About Obesity

Understanding General Obesity

   

 

Obesity is a disease characterized by excessive body fat. People who are medically obese usually are affected by behavior, genetic and environmental factors that are difficult to control with dieting. Obesity increases the likelihood of certain diseases and other related health problems.

   

Who Is Affected?  

   

 

Obesity is a serious world wide health epidemic that affects one in four Americans. This phenomenon is global and about 30 million Indians are obese. It is predicted to double in the next 5 years.

   

What Is The Difference Between Overweight And Obese?  

   

 

Stages of overweight are medically defined by body mass index (BMI). An individual with a BMI of 25 to 29.9 is clinically classified as overweight. A BMI of 30 or more is classified as obese. Overweight individuals are also at risk for developing health problems, such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, certain types of cancer, gout (joint pain caused by excess uric acid) and gallbladder disease. Being overweight can also cause problems such as sleep apnea (interrupted breathing during sleep) and osteoarthritis (wearing away of the joints). Weight-loss can help improve the harmful effects of being overweight. However, many overweight people have difficulty reaching their healthy body weight.

   

Body Mass Index (BMI)

   

 

BMI is a number calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kilograms by his or her height in meters squared. BMI is used in determining obesity. Obesity is most commonly calculated using BMI. An adult with a BMI of 30 or greater is clinically obese. BMI is not used to determine a person’s actual percentage of body fat, but it is a good indicator to categorize weight in terms of what is healthy and unhealthy.

   

What Is The Health Risks Associated With Obesity?  

   

 

There are more than 30 medical conditions that are associated with obesity. Individuals who are obese are at risk of developing one or more of these serious medical conditions, causing poor health or, in severe cases, early death. In fact, more than 112,000 annual deaths in the U.S.A are attributable to obesity. The most prevalent obesity-related diseases include :

 

Diabetes

High blood pressure

High cholesterol

Heart disease

Stroke

Gallbladder disease

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Osteoarthritis

Sleep apnea and respiratory problems some Cancers

   

What Causes Obesity?

   

Obesity is due to an individual taking in more calories than they burn over an extended period of time. These “extra” calories are stored as fat. Although there are several factors that can lead to this energy imbalance in obese individuals, the main contributors are behavior, environment and genetics.

   

Behavior : In today’s fast-paced environment, it is easy to adopt unhealthy behaviors. Behavior, in the case of obesity, relates to food choices, amount of physical activity you get and the effort to maintain your health. Based on food choices, many people now select diets that are calorie-rich, but nutrient-poor. This behavioral problem also relates to the increase in meal quantity at home and when dining out.  

   

Environment : Environment plays a key role in shaping an individual’s habits and lifestyle. There are many environmental influences that can impact your health decisions. Today’s society has developed a more sedentary lifestyle. Walking has been replaced by driving cars, basic physical activity has been replaced by technology and nutrition has been overcome by fast foods.  

   

Genetics : Science shows that genetics play a role in obesity. Genes can cause certain disorders which result in obesity. However, not all individuals who are predisposed to obesity become obese. Research is currently underway to determine which genes contribute most to obesity.  

   

What Are The Social Effects Of Obesity?

   

 

Individuals affected by obesity often face obstacles far beyond health risks. Emotional suffering may be one of the most painful parts of obesity. Society often emphasizes the importance of physical appearance. As a result, people who are obese often face prejudice or discrimination in the job market, at school and in social situations.

   

 

Effects at Work : Due to the negative stigma associated with obesity, obese employees are often viewed as less competent, lazy and lacking in self-discipline by their co-workers and employers. Often times, discriminatory attitudes can negatively impact salary, promotions and employment status for obese employees. Finding a job can also be a difficult task for an obese individual. Studies show that obese applicants are less likely to be hired than thinner applicants, despite having identical job qualifications.

   

 

Effects at School : Educational settings also provide the possibility for discriminatory situations. Obese children face numerous obstacles, ranging from harassment, teasing and rejection from peers, to biased attitudes from teachers. At a young age, children are exposed to obesity’s negative stigma. Obese children are sometimes characterized as being unhappy, lazy, mean and not having many friends.

   

 

In Healthcare Settings : Negative attitudes about obese patients also exist in the healthcare setting. Obese patients are often reluctant to seek medical care, may be more likely to delay important preventative healthcare services and more frequently cancel medical appointments. Delaying medical attention can lead to delayed discovery or treatment of co-morbid conditions, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, while becoming more physically damaging. The consequences of this discrimination can seriously impact an individual’s quality of life and only further intensify the negative stigma associated with obesity.

   

What Treatments Are Available For Obesity?  

   

 

Obesity treatment strategies vary from person to person. Beginning treatment early is an essential part of success, and it is important to talk with your physician before beginning any weight-loss program. There are several methods for treating obesity, such as behavior modification, physical activity, non clinical weight management programs, medically managed weight-loss and surgical treatment.

   

Behavior Modification : Behavior plays a significant role in obesity. Modifying behaviors that have contributed to developing obesity is one way to treat the disease either alone or in conjunction with other treatments. A few suggested behavior modifiers include: changing eating habits, increasing physical activity, becoming educated about the body and how to nourish it appropriately, engaging in a support group or extracurricular activity and setting realistic weight management goals.

   

Physical Activity : Increasing or initiating a physical activity program is an important aspect in managing obesity. Today’s society has developed a very sedentary lifestyle and routine physical activity can greatly impact your health. Set realistic goals and make sure to consult with your doctor before initiating any exercise program.

   

Medically Managed Weight-Loss : Medically managed weight-loss programs provide treatment in a clinical setting with a licensed healthcare professional, such as a medical doctor, registered dietitian and/or psychologist. These programs typically offer services such as prescription of weight-loss medications, nutrition education, physical activity instruction and behavioral therapy.

   

Surgical Treatment : Surgical treatment of obesity is an option for those who are classified as morbidly obese. Morbid obesity is defined as a patient having a BMI of 40 or greater, or weighing more than 40 kilograms over their ideal body weight. In addition, a patient with a BMI of 35 or greater with one or more obesity-related diseases is also classified as morbidly obese. There are a few different types of bariatric surgery or weight-loss surgery treatment options, such as Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass, Gastric Sleeve resection and Adjustable Gastric Banding.

   

   

About Child Obesity

Child Obesity

What Is Childhood Obesity ?
 
 

Childhood obesity affects more than is 15 percent of children, making it one of the common chronic disease of childhood. Childhood obesity is not just a cosmetic problem. Today, more and more children are being diagnosed with diabetes, hypertension and other co-morbid conditions associated with obesity and morbid obesity. Throughout this site, “overweight” and “obese” are used interchangeably. ATIN’S COMPLETE SLIMMING SOLUTION & TRAINING CENTER  prefers the term “overweight,” while mass media often utilizes the term “obese” when referring to children.

 

Causes of Childhood Obesity : Although the causes of childhood obesity are widespread, certain factors are targeted as major contributors to this epidemic. Causes associated with childhood obesity include:

 

Environment

Lack of physical activity

Heredity and family

Dietary patterns

Socioeconomic status

 

 

Environment : Today’s environment plays a major role in shaping the habits and perceptions of children and adolescents. The prevalence of television commercials promoting unhealthy foods and eating habits is a large contributor. In addition, children are surrounded by environmental influences that demote the importance of physical activity. Today, it is estimated that more money is spent on food outside home, at restaurants, cafeterias, sporting events, etc. In addition, as portion sizes have increased, when people eat out they tend to eat a larger quantity of food (calories) than when they eat at home. Beverages such as carbonated soft drinks and juice boxes also greatly contribute to the childhood obesity epidemic. It is not uncommon for a bottle of soft drink to be marketed toward children, which contains approximately 400 calories. The consumption of cola by children has increased throughout the last 20 years by 300 percent. Scientific studies have documented a 60 percent increase risk of obesity for every regular soft drink consumed per day. Box drinks, juice, fruit drinks and sports drinks present another significant problem. These beverages contain a significant amount of calories and it is estimated that 20 percent of children who are currently overweight are overweight due to excessive caloric intake from beverages.

 

 

Lack of Physical Activity : Children in today’s society show a decrease in overall physical activity. The growing use of computers, increased time watching television and decreased physical education in schools, all contribute to children and adolescents living a more sedentary lifestyle. Another major factor contributing to the childhood obesity epidemic is the increased sedentary lifestyle of children. School-aged children spend most of their day in school where their only activity comes during breaks or physical education classes. Only 50 percent of children, 12 to 21 years of age, regularly participate in rigorous physical activity, while 25 percent of children report no physical activity. The average child spends two hours a day watching television, but 26 percent of children watch at least four hours of television per day.

 

Heredity and Family : Science shows that genetics play a role in obesity. It has been proven that children with obese parents are more likely to be obese. Estimates say that heredity contributes between 5 to 25 percent of the risk for obesity. However, genes alone do not always dictate whether a child is overweight or obese. Learned behaviors from parents are a major contributor. Parents, especially of those whose children are at risk for obesity at a young age, should promote healthy food and lifestyle choices early in their development.

 

 

Dietary Patterns : Over the past few decades, dietary patterns have changed significantly. The average amount of calories consumed per day has dramatically increased. Furthermore, the increase in caloric intake has also decreased the nutrients needed for a healthy diet.Food portions also play an important role in the unhealthy diet patterns that have evolved. The prevalence of “extra large” options and “all you can eat” buffets create a trend in overeating. Combined with a lack of physical activity, children are consuming more and expending less.

 

Socioeconomic Status : Educational levels contribute to the socioeconomic issue associated with obesity. Parents with little to no education have not been exposed to information about proper nutrition and healthy food choices. This makes it difficult to instill those important values in their children. Weight categories for children and teens are defined so that they take into account normal differences in body fat between boys and girls and differences in body fat at various ages. Children’s weight categories are determined by measuring a child’s weight and then plotting them on a weight-to-age chart. There are separate weight-to-age curves for males and females, ages two to 20 years.

 

 

Treating Childhood Obesity : Treating obesity in children and adolescents differs from treatment in adults. Involving the family in a child’s weight management program is a key element to treatment. Treatment of pediatric obesity is not accomplished by just dieting. You need to address multiple aspects of the child and the family’s lifestyle, nutrition and physical activity patterns. Prior to discussing any treatment plans, you first must determine the desired goals. If your child is overweight, or at risk for becoming overweight, it is important to work and develop an individualized plan of care that includes realistic goals and action steps. As a support system, family is integral in ensuring weight management goals are met. You must first assess the readiness of the child and the family to make changes. If the child is very depressed, this needs to be addressed prior to working on the child’s weight problem. If a depressed child attempts weight-loss and is unsuccessful, this may worsen their depression or lower their self-esteem. Similarly, if there is a lot of stress in the family at that time it is not ideal to try and tackle yet another major issue. In some situations where there is significant depression or stress, it may be most appropriate for the child and the family to seek counseling to address these issues. In addition, if parents express little concern regarding their child being overweight, they are not ready to make the necessary changes. It is important to talk with your physician about options for treating childhood obesity. The various treatments of obesity in children and adolescents include:

 

Dietary therapy

Physical activit

Behavior modification

 

Diet Therapy : When treating an obese child or adolescent, it is often recommended that they have a consultation with a dietitian who can address the child’s needs. Dietitians can help children understand healthy eating habits and how to implement them in their long-term diet. Dietitians do not always recommend restricting caloric intake for children. Education on how to identify healthy food, cut back on portions, understand the food pyramid and eat smaller bites at a smaller pace is generally the information given to change a child’s eating habits.

 

Physical Activity : Another form of obesity treatment in children is increasing physical activity. Physical activity is an important long-term ingredient for children, as studies indicate that inactivity in childhood has been linked to a sedentary adult lifestyle. Increasing physical activity can decrease, or at least slow the increase, in fatty tissues in obese children. It is recommended that children get at least 60 minutes of physical activity each day. Individualized programs are available and possible for those children or adolescents that are not able to meet minimum expectations.

 

Behavior Modification : Lifestyles and behaviors are established at a young age. It is important for parents and children to remain educated and focused on making long-term healthy lifestyle choices. There are several ways that children and adolescents can modify their behavior for healthier outcomes, such as :

 

Changing eating habits

Increasing physical activity

Becoming educated about the body and how to nourish it appropriately

Engaging in a support group activity and setting realistic weight management goal

 

                                       

About Adoloscent Obesity

Adoloscent Obesity

HEALTHY GROWING & LIVING NUTRITION FOR ADOLESCENTS

HEALTH :-

Health is a unity and harmony within the mind, body and spirit which is unique to each person . 

Obesity  in simple terms means an excessive accumulation of body fat.

Relationship between Birth  Weight & Obesity

Low birth-weight babies

Normal weight babies(Chubby baby concept)

Over-weight babies.

CAUSES OF OBESITY

Genetic                        

Environmental.

GENETIC

Heredity 

Metabolic Rate

Hormones.

ENVIRONMENTAL :-

Excessive viewing of television  

Lack of physical activity

Excessive snacking

Fast food diet

Family behavior.

Consequences of  childhood/adolescent Obesity

Hypertension

Type II Diabetes

Increases the risk of coronary heart disease

Increases stress on weight bearing joints

Lower self esteem

Social & Psychological problems.

WHAT TO DO IF YOUR ADOLESCENT IS OVER WEIGHT ;-

Don’t panic

Weight gain precedes growth spurts

Don’t nag about food or weight

Focus on health not appearance

Emphasize more activity and not less food

Be realistic about your child’s weight

Sleep deprivation can contribute to obesity

Emotional stress or unhappiness.

REMEDIES

Diet Management 

Physical activity

Life style & Behavior Modification.

DIET MANAGEMENT :-

Start early – Teach your children about  healthy & unhealthy foods

Encourage them to try new foods

No foods are forbidden foods

Add nutritious goodies to their favorite foods

No super sized portions

Eat smart

Limit junk.

Importance of having a good breakfast. 

People  who skip breakfast have greater hyperactivity, irritability, and anxiety; more disruptive classroom behavior; more tardiness; and a decreased ability to concentrate and solve problems. Eating breakfast has many benefits. It reduces fatigue and sleepiness in the mid-morning hours; helps banish away the blues; improves concentration, increases alertness, and helps one function more efficiently. Academic performance is generally better when breakfast is eaten. Studies have shown that those who skip breakfast are more likely to struggle with a weight problem. Calories eaten earlier in the day are more effectively utilized than those consumed late in the day. Eating a good breakfast generally improves the overall diet of a person. Those skipping breakfast are more likely to snack throughout the day. 

Keep healthful snacks on hand so if hunger strikes during a late night study session, the child won't be tempted by vending machine candy, chips, or ice cream. Possibilities include fresh or dried fruit, unbuttered popcorn, rice cakes or whole wheat cracker. Consider keeping raw vegetables with low-fat yogurt or cottage cheese dip. 

Eat plenty of foods that are rich in calcium. People in their early twenties need to be build up stores of calcium in their bodies to prevent osteoporosis in later life. If you don't like milk, try to include ample amounts of low-fat yogurt, low-fat cheese, and green leafy vegetables in your diet.

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Ensure adolescents take enough exercise

Exercise is fun so find an activity that the adolescent enjoys

Plan family outings that involves Physical activity

Exercise develops strong healthy bones & muscles, enhances Flexibility,coordination,balance & maximizes the efficiency of their heart & lungs.

Adolescent Fitness :-

Be Active, Have fun, Stay fit :-

Aerobics, 

Outdoor-Hikes, Climbs, Treks , Walks, Active sports

Power Yoga,

Kick-boxing,

Spinning Bike exercise

Pilates, 

Bollywood fitness, 

Salsa, Hip-Hop , 

Water Fitness- Swimming

Strength Workouts with core muscle 

Strengthening

Gym Workouts

Stretching.

LIFE STYLE & BEHAVIORAL MODIFICATION :-

Limit the child's television viewing

Encourage the child to use the stairs and not the escalators

Do not offer food as reward for good behavior

Build positive habits during shopping trips by involving children in selecting healthy foods

Stock the house with nutrient dense foods

Do not set a bad example-encourage the family to cut down on their intake of fatty food.

MAKING THE RIGHT CHOICES WHILE SHOPPING :-

Do not go shopping hungry 

Let your adolescent help when possible.. 

Let them pick out a new nutritious food that they would like to try. 

Add variety to their diet 

Explain the importance of shopping and buying nutritious foods to your children. 

Make shopping a pleasurable experience for your children. 

Read labels for a healthy start.They help you make a wiser choice.Also watch for key terms and know what they mean.

Cut back on beverages and foods with high sugar.

Avoid processed foods as they are high in sodium.

Know and limit your fats. 

EATING TIPS FOR ADOLESCENTS :-

Eating on the Go

It's actually easier than you think to make good choices at a fast-food restaurant, the mall, or even the school cafeteria. Most cafeterias and fast-food places offer healthy choices that are also tasty, like grilled chicken or salads. Be mindful of portion sizes and high fat add-ons, like dressings, sauces or cheese.

Here are some pointers to remember that can help you make wise choices when eating out:

Go for balance. Choose meals that contain a balance of lean proteins (like fish, chicken, or beans if you're a vegetarian), fruits and vegetables (fries and potato chips don't qualify as veggies!), and whole-grains (like whole wheat bread and brown rice). That's why a chicken sandwich on whole wheat with lettuce and tomato is a better choice than a cheeseburger on a white bun. 

Watch portion sizes. The portion sizes of foods have increased over the past few decades so that we are now eating way more than we need. Drink water or low-fat milk. Regular sodas, juices, and energy drinks usually contain "empty" calories that you don't need — not to mention other stuff, like caffeine. 

Tips for Eating At a Restaurant

Most restaurant portions are way larger than the average serving of food at home. Ask for half portions, share an entrée with a friend, or take half of your dish home.

Here are some other restaurant survival tips:-

Ask for sauces and salad dressings on the side and use them sparingly. 

Use salsa and mustard instead of mayonnaise or oil. 

Ask for olive or canola oil instead of butter, margarine, or shortening. 

Use nonfat or low fat milk instead of whole milk or cream. 

Order baked, broiled, or grilled (not fried) lean meats including  chicken, seafood, or sirloin steak. 

Salads and vegetables make healthier side dishes than french fries. Use a small amount of sour cream instead of butter if you order a baked potato. 

Choose fresh fruit instead of sugary, high-fat desserts. 

Tips for Eating At the Mall or Fast-Food Place :-

It's tempting to pig out while shopping, but with a little planning, it's easy to eat healthy foods at the mall.

Here are some choices:

a single slice of veggie pizza grilled, not fried,
sandwiches (for example, a grilled chicken breast sandwich)
deli sandwiches on whole-grain bread a small hamburger 

a baked potato 

a side salad 

frozen yogurt 

Choose the smaller sizes, especially when it comes to drinks and snacks if you have a craving for something unhealthy, try sharing the food you crave with a friend.

Tips for Eating In the School Cafeteria :-

The suggestions for eating in a restaurant and at the mall apply to cafeteria food as well. Add vegetables and fruit whenever possible, and opt for leaner, lighter items. Choose sandwiches on whole-grain bread or a plain hamburger over fried foods or pizza. Go easy on the high-fat, low-nutrition items, such as mayonnaise and heavy salad dressings.

You might want to consider packing your own lunch occasionally. Here are some lunch items that pack a healthy punch:

sandwiches with lean meats or fish, like turkey, chicken, tuna (made with low-fat mayo), lean ham, or lean roast beef. For variety, try other sources of protein, like peanut butter, hummus, or meatless chili. 

low-fat or nonfat milk, yogurt, or cheese 

any fruit that's in season 

raw baby carrots, green and red pepper strips, tomatoes, or cucumbers 

whole-grain breads, pita, bagels, or crackers 

It can be easy to eat well, even on the run. If you develop the skills to make healthy choices now, your body will thank you later. And the good news is you don't have to eat perfectly all the time. It's OK to splurge every once in a while, as long as your food choices are generally good.

While Eating Out

Choose smaller sized portions.

While eating Pizzas choose pizzas with thin crusts and go easy on the cheese and extra meat toppings. 

Opting for low fat alternatives to traditional fast food such as a salad, baked potato and grilled chicken salad is another good step towards building good healthy food habits.

Macoroni and cheese, 1 cup has 380 calories. Opt for a whole wheat pasta (1 cup) tossed with olive oil (1 tsp) and garlic (1 clove), 214 calories. This option gives you more fiber and makes a heart healthy pick.

Adolescent Obesity Management Diet

Adolescent Weight Management

About Severe (Morbid) Obesity

Severe (Morbid) Obesity 

UNDERSTANDING SEVERE (MORBID) OBESITY  

 
 

Morbid obesity is characterized by an individual weighing more than 40 kilograms (100 pounds) over their ideal body weight, or having a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher. Throughout this site, the term “morbidly obese” is used to define an individual weighing more than 40 kg over their ideal body weight. Mass media and the public sometimes refer to morbid obesity using the term “severely obese.” These two terms may be used interchangeably.

   

What Is The Difference Between Obesity And Morbid Obesity?  

Obesity is a serious health epidemic. About 30 million Indians are obese. Obesity is a disease characterized by excessive body fat or by having a BMI greater than 30. Morbid obesity is characterized by an individual having a BMI greater than 40. In addition, it also includes people with a BMI of more than 35 and associated weight related co-morbid conditions, such as diabetes, heart disease and many more.  

   

 

What Are The Risks Associated With Morbid Obesity?

   

 

Many co-morbidities accompany morbid obesity. Once a patient is considered morbidly obese, these conditions become serious health risks. These co-morbidities also negatively impact the quality of life for a patient and their family members affected by morbid obesity. The most prevalent morbid obesity-related diseases include :

 

High blood pressure

High cholesterol

Diabetes

Heart disease

Stroke

Gallbladder disease

Osteoarthritis

Sleep apnea and respiratory problems

Some cancers (endometrial, breast and colon)

Liver disease

Venous disease

Acid reflux

Menstrual irregularities and infertility

Those who are affected by morbid obesity are encouraged to talk with their physician concerning the co-morbidities listed. The earlier these are detected, the better advantage a patient may have to keep them under control with the assistance of a physician.  

Causes of Morbid Obesity : Morbid obesity is simply not a result of overeating. It is a serious disease that needs to be prevented and treated. The causes of morbid obesity are widespread, but target three main contributors: behavior, environment and genetics.  

   

 

Behavior : In today’s fast-paced environment, it is easy to adopt unhealthy behaviors. Behavior, in the case of morbid obesity, relates to food choices, amount of physical activity you get and the effort to maintain your health. The increase in caloric intake has also decreased the nutrients consumed that are needed for a healthy diet. This behavioral problem also relates to the increase in portion sizes at home and when dining out. The influence of television, computers and other technologies discourage physical activity and add to the problem of obesity in our society.

Environment : Environment plays a key role in shaping an individual’s habits and lifestyle. There are many environmental influences that can impact your health decisions. Today’s society has developed a more sedentary lifestyle. Walking has been replaced by driving cars, physical activity has been replaced by technology and nutrition has been overcome by convenience foods.  

   

 

Genetics : Science shows that genetics play a role in obesity and morbid obesity. Genes can cause certain disorders which result in obesity. However, not all individuals who are predisposed to obesity become morbidly obese. Research is currently underway to determine which genes contribute most to morbid obesity.

What Are The Social Effects Of Morbid Obesity?  

Individuals affected by morbid obesity often face obstacles far beyond health risks. Emotional suffering may be one of the most painful parts of morbid obesity. Society often emphasizes the importance of physical appearance. As a result, people who are morbidly obese often face prejudice or discrimination.  

Effects at Work : Due to the negative stigma associated with morbid obesity, morbidly obese employees are often viewed as less competent, lazy and lacking in self-discipline by their co-workers and employers. Often times, discriminatory attitudes can negatively impact wages, promotions and employment status for obese employees.  

In Healthcare Settings : Negative attitudes about morbidly obese patients also exist in the healthcare setting. Morbidly obese patients that are often reluctant to seek medical care may be more likely to delay important preventative healthcare services and may more frequently cancel medical appointments. Delaying medical attention can lead to delayed discovery or treatment of co-morbid conditions, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, while becoming more physically damaging. The consequences of discrimination against the morbidly obese can seriously impact an individual’s quality of life and only further intensify the negative stigma associated with obesity.  

Treating Morbid Obesity : (*Note: Please consult with your physician before beginning any treatment program.) Because the health risks associated with morbid obesity are life-threatening, clinical programs, such as medically managed weight-loss, weight-loss surgery and other options are available for treatment.  

Medically Managed Weight-Loss : Medically managed weight-loss programs provide treatment in a clinical setting with a licensed healthcare professional, such as a medical doctor, nurse, registered dietitian and/or psychologists. These programs typically offer services such as nutrition education, physical activity and behavioral therapy. Often, these programs incorporate total meal replacement programs.  

Medications (Pharmacotherapy) : Currently there are few medications that are approved for weight-loss: sibutamine, orlistat, and Noradrenergics products. All are to be used in conjunction with a reduced-calorie diet, exercise and behavior modification. As with all therapies, medically managed weight-loss needs to be approached with a focused treatment plan, which includes a team of healthcare providers. The team should include dietitians, psychologists and exercise specialists, in addition to the medical providers to provide care at all stages of the weight-loss treatment process.  

Bariatric Surgery (Weight-loss Surgery) : If your BMI is more than 40, or your BMI is more than 35 and you have a weight-related co-morbidity, such as diabetes or hypertension, you may consider bariatric surgery (also called weight-loss surgery). It is important to speak with your surgeon to determine if surgery is right for you. Today, the three most commonly selected procedures for weight-loss surgery are:  

 

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding

Gastric Sleeve Resection

When considering weight-loss surgery, you must balance the personal risk of being morbidly obese with the potential risk of the surgery. This treatment option is a tool that you will continually use to lose weight. Surgery is a resource to help you reduce your weight. Behavioral, physical and psychological changes are required for you to maintain a healthy quality of life. Continued positive weight-loss relies upon your desire and dedication to change your lifestyle with a proactive approach. Additional Treatment Options, In addition to weight-loss surgery and medically managed weight-loss, the following therapies are also utilized to treat morbid obesity.  

Behavior Modification : Behavior plays a significant role in morbid obesity. Modifying behaviors that have contributed to developing obesity is one way to treat the disease either alone or in conjunction with other treatments. A few suggested behavior modifiers include: changing eating habits, increasing physical activity, becoming educated about the body and how to nourish it appropriately, engaging in a support group or extracurricular activity and setting realistic weight management goals.  

Physical Activity : Increasing or initiating a physical activity program is an important aspect in managing morbid obesity. Routine physical activity can greatly impact your health. Set realistic goals and make sure to consult with your physician before initiating any exercise program.  

Surgical Management Of Obesity

Surgical  Management Of Obesity

SURGICAL TREATMENT OF OBESITY

Surgical treatment of obesity is an option for those who are classified as morbidly obese. Morbid obesity is defined as a patient having a BMI of 40 or greater, or weighing more than 40 kilograms over their ideal body weight. In addition, a patient with a BMI of 35 or greater with one or more obesity-related diseases is also classified as morbidly obese. There are a few different types of bariatric surgery or weight-loss surgery treatment options, such as Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass, Gastric Sleeve resection and Adjustable Gastric Banding.  

   

 

Treating Morbid Obesity : (*Note: Please consult with your physician before beginning any treatment program.) Because the health risks associated with morbid obesity are life-threatening, clinical programs, such as medically managed weight-loss, weight-loss surgery and other options are available for treatment.

   

Medically Managed Weight-Loss : Medically managed weight-loss programs provide treatment in a clinical setting with a licensed healthcare professional, such as a medical doctor, nurse, registered dietitian and/or psychologists. These programs typically offer services such as nutrition education, physical activity and behavioral therapy. Often, these programs incorporate total meal replacement programs.  

   

Medications (Pharmacotherapy) : Currently there are few medications that are approved for weight-loss: sibutamine, orlistat, and Noradrenergics products. All are to be used in conjunction with a reduced-calorie diet, exercise and behavior modification. As with all therapies, medically managed weight-loss needs to be approached with a focused treatment plan, which includes a team of healthcare providers. The team should include dietitians, psychologists and exercise specialists, in addition to the medical providers to provide care at all stages of the weight-loss treatment process.  

   

 

Bariatric Surgery (Weight-loss Surgery) : If your BMI is more than 40, or your BMI is more than 35 and you have a weight-related co-morbidity, such as diabetes or hypertension, you may consider bariatric surgery (also called weight-loss surgery). It is important to speak with your surgeon to determine if surgery is right for you. Today, the three most commonly selected procedures for weight-loss surgery are:

 

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding

Gastric Sleeve Resection

 

When considering weight-loss surgery, you must balance the personal risk of being morbidly obese with the potential risk of the surgery. This treatment option is a tool that you will continually use to lose weight. Surgery is a resource to help you reduce your weight. Behavioral, physical and psychological changes are required for you to maintain a healthy quality of life. Continued positive weight-loss relies upon your desire and dedication to change your lifestyle with a proactive approach.

Bariatic Surgery : Bariatric surgery encompasses all of the various operations which have been designed to cause a significant and long-lasting weight-loss in severely obese patients. Surgeons who specialize in treating obesity are known as Bariatric Surgeons. Bariatric surgery has been actively practiced by surgeons in the U.S. since the 1960’s. Recently, techniques in Laparoscopic and Minimally Invasive surgery have caused a dramatic increase in the number of weight loss surgeries being performed worldwide.

Weight loss (bariatric) surgery is a unique field, in that with one operation, a person can be potentially cured of numerous medical diseases including diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, sleep apnea, chronic headaches, venous stasis disease, urinary incontinence, liver disease, and arthritis. Bariatric surgery is the only proven method that results in durable weight loss. This proven surgical approach, combined with the dismal failure of dieting, the marked improvement in quality of life and the quick recovery with minimally invasive techniques, has fueled the surge in the number of bariatric procedures performed annually over the last 10 years.

Surgery for the treatment of obesity is only appropriate for those individuals who are considered Morbidly Obese. Because of the possible risks and complications of surgery, it is not appropriate for individuals who do not meet these criteria to undergo weight-loss surgery.

Who Qualifies for Surgery?

 

Patients with a BMI of 40 or greater

Patients with BMI of 35 or greater who also suffer from a severe medical condition related to obesity (sleep apnea, diabetes, heart failure, high blood pressure)

A patient who is prepared and willing to commit to the lifestyle changes that will be necessary following surgery.

They should have no known endocrine (glandular) or metabolic causes for their severe obesity, which is uncorrected.

They should be of sound mind to understand the risks of the operation and the commitment which is necessary to be successful.

They should be able to commit to regular follow-up visits with their doctor, as well as a sound diet and exercise program after surgery.

Weight loss operations can be divided into restrictive procedures and malabsorptive procedures. Malabsorptive procedures reduce the absorption of calories, proteins and other nutrients. In contrast, restrictive operations decrease food intake and promote a feeling of fullness (satiety) after meals. Some operations are a combination of both. The gastric bypass, the adjustable gastric band, sleeve gastroplasty are the primary procedures used currently.